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In cancer, senescence can be triggered by oncogenes or therapy, where persistent accumulation of senescent cells may promote carcinogenesis via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Gene expression of senescence markers (p16, LMNB1) and SASP factors (IL-6, IL-1b, CXCL-1, TNF-α) was assessed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues and related to clinical follow-up. Higher SASP factor levels were found in tumors versus normal tissues, and SASP expression correlated with clinicopathological features.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/senescence-in-head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma-relationship-between-senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype-sasp-mrna-expression-level-and-clinicopathological-features/327300/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/senescence-in-head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma-relationship-between-senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype-sasp-mrna-expression-level-and-clinicopathological-features/327300.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Olivia Brown","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the biological role of cellular senescence in cancer according to the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Cellular senescence involves growth arrest and apoptotic resistance. While it may protect against cancer development, uncontrolled accumulation of senescent cells can contribute to carcinogenesis through SASP-related pro-inflammatory signaling.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which genes and SASP factors were measured in tumor and normal tissues?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study quantified mRNA expression of senescence markers p16 and LMNB1, and SASP factors IL-6, IL-1b, CXCL-1 (CXCL-1) and TNF-α in 72 cancerous and 64 normal tissues.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What clinicopathological associations did the results highlight?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"SASP factors showed higher transcript levels in cancerous than in normal tissues. CXCL1 was proposed as a candidate biomarker distinguishing normal from cancer tissues, and IL1b expression was linked to increased TNM stage.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},327300,1789997144,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Clinical and Translational Oncology (2024) 26:1022–1032  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-023-03364-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-023-03364-6)  \nSenescence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: relationship between senescence‑associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mRNA expression level and clinicopathological features  \nKamila Ostrowska1,2 · Patryk Niewinski1 · Igor Piotrowski2 · Julia Ostapowicz1,2,4 · Sabina Koczot1 · Wiktoria Maria Suchorska2,4 · Paweł Golusiński5 · Michal Mateusz Masternak1,3 · Wojciech Golusiński1  \nReceived: 30 April 2023 / Accepted: 30 November 2023 / Published online: 4 January 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nBackground Cellular senescence is a state characterized by cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic resistance. Senescence in cancer may be induced by oncogenes or therapy. While cellular senescence might play an important role in protection against cancer development, elevated and uncontrolled senescent cells accumulation may promote carcinogenesis by secreting a collection of pro-inflammatory factors, collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) .  \nMaterial and methods We determined the gene expression at mRNA level of selected cellular senescence markers (p16 and LMNB1) and SASP factors (IL-6, IL-1b, CXCL-1 and TNF-α) in 72 cancerous tissues and 64 normal tissues obtained from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and correlated this data with patients’ clinical follow-up. Results Our results indicate higher levels of selected SASP factors in cancerous compared to normal tissues. We presented the relationship between SASP factors expression at the transcript level and the progression of the disease. Moreover, we proposed CXCL1 as a candidate biomarker differentiating normal tissues from cancerous ones and IL1b expression as a molecular factor related to increased TNM stage.  \nConclusion Our primary study indicates that SASP expression may be associated with some clinicopathological features. However, a more detailed study is needed to present specific role of senescence-related mechanism and SASPs especially in tumor therapy response and in relation to the patient’s immune system condition.  \nKeywords Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma · Cellular senescence · Senescence-associated secretory phenotype · Biomarkers  \nAbbreviations  \nCRC Colorectal cancer  \nCXCL1 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1  \nCCL C–C motif chemokine ligand  \nEMT Epithelial–mesenchymal transition  \nFDA Food and drug administrartion  \nHNSCC Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma IL1b Interleukin 1b  \nIL6 Interleukin 6  \nLMNB1 Lamin B1  \nOS Overall survival  \nOSCC Oral squamous cell carcinoma  \np16 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A  \nKamila Ostrowska and Patryk Niewinski these authors contributed equally to this work.  \nExtended author information available on the last page of the article  \nRFS  \nRT-qPCR  \nSASP  \nSMS  \nTIS  \nTME  \nTNF-α  \nRelapse free survival  \nReal-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction  \nSenescence-associated secretory phenotype Senescence-messaging secretome Therapy-induced Senescence  \nTumor microenvironment  \nTumor necrosis factor α  \nIntroduction  \nHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) develop from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx and are the 7th most common malignancies worldwide. HNSCC accounts for more than 660,000 new cases and 325,000 deaths annually [1] . HNSCC is characterized by various genetic and epigenetic mutations and the  \npresence of different types of cells. In response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli (especially radiotherapy or definitive chemoradiotherapy) cancer cells may enter a state of permanent growth arrest known as cellular senescence [2, 3] . The impact of cellular senescence on tumorigenesis is dictated by the cell or tissue of origin and may be cancer specific [4]. The presence of senescent cells may be protective for tissue by inhibiting cancer cells proliferation ","cbCaigVLGuUgsma6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigVLGuUgsma6","pdf",1547639,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Material and methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Cellular senescence and tumor biology\n## SASP factors and tumor microenvironment\n## Study rationale","[{\"question\":\"What is the biological role of cellular senescence in cancer according to the study?\",\"answer\":\"Cellular senescence involves growth arrest and apoptotic resistance. While it may protect against cancer development, uncontrolled accumulation of senescent cells can contribute to carcinogenesis through SASP-related pro-inflammatory signaling.\"},{\"question\":\"Which genes and SASP factors were measured in tumor and normal tissues?\",\"answer\":\"The study quantified mRNA expression of senescence markers p16 and LMNB1, and SASP factors IL-6, IL-1b, CXCL-1 (CXCL-1) and TNF-α in 72 cancerous and 64 normal tissues.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinicopathological associations did the results highlight?\",\"answer\":\"SASP factors showed higher transcript levels in cancerous than in normal tissues. CXCL1 was proposed as a candidate biomarker distinguishing normal from cancer tissues, and IL1b expression was linked to increased TNM stage.\"}]","Senescence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - relationship between senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mRNA expression level and clinicopathological features | PDF",1789976936,28]