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Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 30 healthy controls completed self-report batteries at baseline and 4–8 weeks; 34 patients were followed for 12 months. 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[www. else vier. com/locate/psych res](www. else vier. com/locate/psych res)  \nSelf-assessment of psychological stress in schizophrenia: Preliminary evidence of reliability and validity  \nIvy Fei Tso a, b,⁎, Tyler Barrett Grove a, c, Stephan Floyd Taylor a  \na Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA b Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAc College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  \na r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t  \nHeightened stress sensitivity is a common characteristic of schizophrenia and may be predictive of clinical and functional outcomes. However, systematic assessment is not part of routine clinical practice. This study investigated the reliability and predictive values of two versions of a new scale for the assessment of psychological stress in psychosis (Psychological Stress Index; PSI). Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia/ schizoaffective disorder and 30 healthy controls completed a battery of self-report measures at baseline and 4–8 weeks for test–retest. Thirty-four patients were followed up at 12 months. Both of the 18-item and 9-item PSI demonstrated good levels of reliability and could significantly discriminate patients from healthy controls. Both versions showed moderate convergence with self-report and clinician ratings of depression and anxiety, and superior predictive validity of 12-month follow-up clinical and functional outcomes compared to an existing measure of stress (Perceived Stress Scale). The clinical usefulness of the PSI is supported by its predictive power on cross-sectional and longitudinal outcome. The PSI-9 performed as well as, if not better than, the PSI-18 in this study, but further evaluation is warranted for more conclusive comparison.  \n© 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.  \n1. Introduction  \nSince the proposal of a diathesis–stress model of psychosis (Rosenthal, 1970), there has been an abundance of research evidence revealing a particular vulnerability to stress in psychotic disorders (Corcoran et al., 2003; Thompson et al., 2004; Phillips et al., 2007; Yuiiet al., 2007; Walker et al., 2008). Earlier studies focusing on the relationship between stress and clinical course showed that schizophrenic relapses were often preceded by stressful life events (Birley and Brown, 1970; Ventura et al., 1989, 1992). More recent research data also show that adolescents and young adults at genetic high risk for schizophrenia are more prone to developing psychotic symptoms following upsetting life events (Miller et al., 2001). Evidence of heightened stress sensitivity in schizophrenia also comes from findings of dysregulated biological stress response. Patients with schizophrenia often exhibit higher baseline cortisol levels (see for review Walker and Diforio, 1997), higher post-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) plasma and salivary cortisol levels compared with healthy controls (see for review Tandon et al., 1991, but see Meltzer et al., 2001) and greater adrenocorticotropic hormone and homovanillic-acid responses to a metabolic stress challenge (Brunelin et al., 2007).  \n⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Tel.: +1 734 647 3959; fax: +1 734 615 0573.  \nE-mail address: [ivytso@umich.edu](ivytso@umich.edu) (I.F. Tso).  \n0165-1781/$ – see front matter © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.009  \nAlthough it is clear that major stressful life events can exacerbate symptoms, recent data suggest that patients do not experience more stressful life events per se; rather, they experience more negative affects to daily life stressors (Docherty, 1996; Horan et al., 2005; Jones and Fe","cbCaijakicCl4RAD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijakicCl4RAD","pdf",233323,"English","# Introduction\n## Stress sensitivity and psychosis\n## Rationale for a new self-report scale","[{\"question\":\"What does the study evaluate for schizophrenia patients?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates the reliability and predictive values of a new self-report Psychological Stress Index (PSI) for assessing psychological stress in psychosis.\"},{\"question\":\"How were PSI reliability and stability tested?\",\"answer\":\"Participants completed PSI and related self-report measures at baseline and again after 4–8 weeks for test–retest reliability.\"},{\"question\":\"How does PSI perform in predicting outcomes over time?\",\"answer\":\"Both PSI versions showed superior predictive validity for 12-month clinical and functional outcomes compared with the Perceived Stress Scale.\"}]","Self-assessment of psychological stress in schizophrenia - Preliminary evidence of reliability and validity | PDF",1789947555,15]