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Selenium-based therapies show encouraging anticancer effects across experimental systems, including drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Selenium is an essential micronutrient for key cellular processes, and selenoproteins contribute to antioxidant defense, redox control, and immune functions. Selenium-containing compounds may suppress tumor cell growth via redox modulation, apoptosis induction, and disruption of tumor progression signaling.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/selenium-based-strategies-for-targeting-multidrug-resistant-breast-cancer-a-review/352912/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/selenium-based-strategies-for-targeting-multidrug-resistant-breast-cancer-a-review/352912.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is selenium being investigated for drug-resistant breast cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Selenium-based therapies show promising anticancer activity in experimental models, including drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Selenium compounds can act through multiple mechanisms such as redox modulation and apoptosis induction.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What biological functions of selenium are relevant to cancer therapy?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Selenium is an essential micronutrient and a component of selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense, redox regulation, metabolism, and immune function. These roles support cellular homeostasis and protection from oxidative-stress damage.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the review characterize the strength of existing evidence?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The analysis is based on preclinical studies from 2005 to 2026 and notes substantial heterogeneity in study design, selenium compound types, dosing, and model systems. It also highlights limited in vivo validation and a lack of clinical evidence, plus incomplete statistical reporting and unclear effect-size consistency.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},352912,1790506656,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":26},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","Review  \nSelenium-Based Strategies for Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Breast Cancer: A Review  \nHubert Bajer, Klementyna Kupisz, Szymon Jó´zwiak and Angelika Długosz-Pokorska *  \nAcademic Editors: Emanuela Grassilli and Maria Grazia Cerrito  \nReceived: 30 March 2026  \nRevised: 21 April 2026  \nAccepted: 24 April 2026  \nPublished: 26 April 2026  \nCopyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \nDepartment of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; [hubert.bajer@student.umed.lodz.pl](hubert.bajer@student.umed.lodz.pl) (H.B.); [klementyna.kupisz@student.umed.lodz.pl](klementyna.kupisz@student.umed.lodz.pl) (K.K.);  \n[szymon.jozwiak@student.umed.lodz.pl](szymon.jozwiak@student.umed.lodz.pl) (S.J.)  \n* Correspondence: [angelika.dlugosz@umed.lodz.pl](angelika.dlugosz@umed.lodz.pl); Tel.: +48-0422725697  \nAbstract  \nBreast cancer remains a major global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective anticancer strategies to overcome drug resistance and reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Selenium-based therapies have demonstrated promising anticancer activity in various experimental models, including drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for the proper functioning of numerous biological processes in human cells. Selenoproteins play key roles in antioxidant defense, redox regulation, and immune system function. Selenium-containing compounds are characterized by high specificity, relatively low toxicity, and favorable cell membrane permeability, which supports their potential application in precision medicine. These compounds can inhibit cancer cell growth through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of redox balance, induction of apoptosis, and interference with signaling pathways involved in tumor progression. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms by which selenium compounds affect drug-resistant breast cancer cells, highlights key experimental findings, and discusses their potential use as adjuncts to conventional therapies.  \nKeywords: selenium compound; breast cancer; paclitaxel; doxorubicin; tamoxifen; trastuzumab  \n1. Introduction  \nBreast cancer remains a major global health challenge and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite substantial progress in chemotherapy, disease control is still limited by tumor heterogeneity, the development of therapeutic resistance, and a high risk of relapse [1,2] . Conventional treatment strategies include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These approaches are often associated with significant toxicity and limited specificity toward cancer cells. The emergence of drug resistance further reduces treatment efficacy and remains a major challenge in breast cancer treatment. In addition, standard therapies frequently fail to prevent metastatic progression and recurrence. These limitations highlight the need for more effective and targeted therapeutic strategies [3–5] .  \nSelenium is an essential micronutrient required for many biological processes inhuman cells [6,7] . It is a component of selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense, redox regulation, metabolism and immune function. Adequate selenium levels are necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis and to protect cells from oxidative stress–related damage [8] . Interest in selenium compounds as potential anticancer agents has increased in recent years. Experimental studies show that these compounds can inhibit cancer cell growth through several mechanisms. These include the induction of apoptosis and the modulation  \nof redox balance. Selenium compounds also affect signaling pathways involved in tumor progression. These findings have supported further research on selenium-based therapeutic strategies [8] .  \nThis study","cbCaisgILFEhCAkp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisgILFEhCAkp","pdf",781791,24,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Biological Role of Selenium","[{\"question\":\"Why is selenium being investigated for drug-resistant breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Selenium-based therapies show promising anticancer activity in experimental models, including drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Selenium compounds can act through multiple mechanisms such as redox modulation and apoptosis induction.\"},{\"question\":\"What biological functions of selenium are relevant to cancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"Selenium is an essential micronutrient and a component of selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense, redox regulation, metabolism, and immune function. These roles support cellular homeostasis and protection from oxidative-stress damage.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review characterize the strength of existing evidence?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis is based on preclinical studies from 2005 to 2026 and notes substantial heterogeneity in study design, selenium compound types, dosing, and model systems. It also highlights limited in vivo validation and a lack of clinical evidence, plus incomplete statistical reporting and unclear effect-size consistency.\"}]","Selenium-Based Strategies for Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Breast Cancer - A Review | PDF",1790101961]