[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-452839-105":59,"doc-detail-452839-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","seizures-in-pediatric-thyroid-storm-two-cases-and-a-literature-review","Seizures in pediatric thyroid storm - Two cases and a literature review","","Thyroid storm is a life-threatening disorder caused by thyrotoxicosis. Adult diagnostic criteria stress central nervous system manifestations, including seizures, because they are linked to irreversible damage. In children, a lower seizure threshold may lead to overestimating severity. This study describes two pediatric thyroid storm cases with seizures, fever, and tachycardia, where one required intubation and intensive care while the other improved after thyroid storm treatment. A literature review of 84 patients found seizures in 16 children and adolescents (19%), with most showing favorable outcomes, suggesting seizures may not imply poor prognosis but still warrant careful evaluation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/seizures-in-pediatric-thyroid-storm-two-cases-and-a-literature-review/452839/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/seizures-in-pediatric-thyroid-storm-two-cases-and-a-literature-review/452839.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main focus of the two reported pediatric cases?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The article reports two pediatric thyroid storm cases accompanied by seizures, fever, and tachycardia, with differing severity and clinical courses.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the study address whether seizures predict poor outcomes in children?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It summarizes two case experiences and reviews 84 pediatric patients from the literature, noting that 19% had seizures and almost all of those cases had favorable outcomes.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why might seizures be treated differently in pediatric thyroid storm compared with adults?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The study explains that children generally have a lower seizure threshold, which may cause CNS symptoms to be overinterpreted in terms of severity, even though thyroid storm remains life-threatening and seizures require careful assessment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},452839,1790783964,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687212988360,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology  \nVol.35 / No.1 Junuary 2026 pp 117–122  \nCase Report  \nSeizures in pediatric thyroid storm: Two cases and a literature review  \nSayaka Kawashima1 , Chisumi Sogi1, 2 , Dai Suzuki1 , Miki Kamimura1, 3 , Atsuo Kikuchi1 , and Junko Kanno1  \n1Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.  \n2Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan  \n3Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan  \nHighlights  \n● In thyroid storm, seizures are more frequent in children than in adults.  \n● Pediatric thyroid storm with seizures may not necessarily lead to poor outcomes.  \nAbstract. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening disorder caused by thyrotoxicosis. Diagnostic criteria in adults emphasize central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, including seizures, as CNS symptoms are associated with irreversible damage. However, children have a lower seizure threshold than adults, which may lead to overestimation of severity in pediatric cases with seizures. This study reports two pediatric cases of thyroid storm with seizures, fever, and tachycardia. The more severe case remained unconscious and restless, necessitating intubation and intensive care. The other case regained consciousness spontaneously following the initiation of treatment for thyroid storm. A literature review of 84 children and adolescents with thyroid storm revealed 16 cases (19%) that exhibited seizures. The prevalence of seizures was higher in infants (30 .0%) and children (30 .4%) than in adolescents (7 .3%) . Almost all 16 cases with seizures had favorable outcomes, suggesting that seizures in pediatric thyroid storm cases may not be associated with poor prognosis. Although seizures appear tobe more common in pediatric thyroid storm and may not necessarily predict poor outcomes, the presence of seizures warrants careful evaluation because of the life-threatening nature of the condition.  \nKey words: thyroid storm, seizures, children  \nReceived: January 5, 2025 Accepted: October 21, 2025 Advanced Epub: November 14, 2025  \nCorresponding Author: Sayaka Kawashima, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of  \nMedicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan  \nE-mail: [sayaka.kawashima.s7@alumni.tohoku.ac.jp](sayaka.kawashima.s7@alumni.tohoku.ac.jp)  \nThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License \u003C[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)> .  \nCopyright© 2026 by The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology  \nClin Pediatr Endocrinol 118  \nIntroduction  \nThyroid storm is a rare but life-threatening disorder characterized by multiple organ failure due tothyrotoxicosis. The fatality rate is approximately 11%  \n(1); therefore, prompt diagnosis is essential to prevent death. Nationwide surveys in Japan estimate that the incidence of thyroid storm is ~0 .2 individuals per 100,000 annually, with 0.22% of all thyrotoxic cases developing thyroid storm (1) . Since no large cohort studies on pediatric thyroid storm have been conducted, its incidence remains unknown.  \nAmong adult patients, the diagnostic criteria for thyroid storm emphasize the importance of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, including seizures, because of their prognostic significance (1) . The prevalence of seizure among thyroid storm cases is approximately 4%(1) . Children generally have a lower seizure threshold than adults, and children with thyroid storm maybe more prone to seizures (2, 3) . Since febrile seizures are common in children, particularly between the age of six months and six years, pediatric patients with thyroid storm who develop fever and seizures may initially be diagnosed with febrile seizures (3). It remains unclear whether the prognosis of pedi","cbCaiu2F3Ml8pqlS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu2F3Ml8pqlS","pdf",809029,"English","# Introduction\n# Case Presentation\n## Case 1\n## Case 2\n# Discussion\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the two reported pediatric cases?\",\"answer\":\"The article reports two pediatric thyroid storm cases accompanied by seizures, fever, and tachycardia, with differing severity and clinical courses.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study address whether seizures predict poor outcomes in children?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes two case experiences and reviews 84 pediatric patients from the literature, noting that 19% had seizures and almost all of those cases had favorable outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might seizures be treated differently in pediatric thyroid storm compared with adults?\",\"answer\":\"The study explains that children generally have a lower seizure threshold, which may cause CNS symptoms to be overinterpreted in terms of severity, even though thyroid storm remains life-threatening and seizures require careful assessment.\"}]","Seizures in pediatric thyroid storm - Two cases and a literature review | PDF",1790737764,15]