[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-406074-105":59,"doc-detail-406074-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","segmental-body-bia-device-development-for-fracture-detection","Segmental Body BIA Device Development for Fracture Detection","","Bone fractures are a major health issue worldwide, often requiring X-ray or CT imaging despite limitations including radiation exposure, high cost, and limited access. This study presents a low-cost, portable, non-invasive segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device using the AD5933 impedance converter. A four-electrode design with an ARM7 LPC2138 controller measures impedance and phase angle at 50 kHz in the knee during fracture and healing. Validation and clinical data from 125 patients indicate measurement errors typically under 7% and clear impedance/phase differences before and after healing, supporting real-time monitoring potential.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/segmental-body-bia-device-development-for-fracture-detection/406074/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/segmental-body-bia-device-development-for-fracture-detection/406074.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Damian","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What problem does the AD5933-based segmental BIA device target?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It targets the need for safer, lower-cost, portable, non-invasive fracture detection and bone healing monitoring when conventional imaging like X-ray/CT has drawbacks such as radiation and limited accessibility.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the device measure fracture-related changes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It uses a four-electrode configuration and the AD5933 impedance converter to measure impedance and phase angle variations at a fixed frequency of 50 kHz from the human knee across fracture and healing stages.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What evidence supports the device’s reliability and clinical value?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Technical validation with standard resistive and capacitive components showed measurement errors typically under 7%, and a clinical trial with fracture patients showed clear impedance and phase angle differences before versus after healing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},406074,1790739881,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137451208677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nSegmental body BIA device  \ndevelopment for fracture detection  \nKm. Brajesh1􀀍, Mahmood Aldobali2􀀍, Kirti Pal1􀀍 & Munna Khan3  \nBone fractures are a major health issue worldwide, often requiring diagnostic tools like X-rays or CT scans, which, despite their effectiveness, present drawbacks such as radiation exposure, high cost, and limited accessibility. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel, low-cost, portable, and non-invasive segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device based on theAD5933 impedance converter. The device was designed using a four-electrode configuration and integrates an ARM7 LPC2138 microcontroller, signal conditioning circuits, and a user-friendly LCD display for realtime data visualization. It operates at a fixed frequency of 50 kHz to measure impedance and phase angle variations in the human knee during fracture and healing stages. Validation was conducted using standard resistive and capacitive components, yielding measurement errors typically under 7%, thereby confirming its technical reliability. Clinical validation involved data collection of 125 patients with fractures, out of which 20 knee fracture patients are follow up, where clear differences in impedance and phase angle were observed before and after healing. These findings highlight the system’s potential for real-time monitoring of bone healing, offering a reliable and accessible alternative to conventional imaging technologies, especially beneficial in rural and point of care settings.  \nKeywords Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), AD5933, Knee fracture monitoring, Phase angle, Impedance measurement, Portable diagnostic device, Non-Invasive assessment  \nBone fractures are a prevalent medical concern worldwide, affecting millions of people each year due to accidents, falls, age-related conditions, and bone-weakening diseases such as osteoporosis. Early and accurate diagnosis of bone fractures is essential for timely treatment and optimal recovery. Currently, diagnostic imaging techniques such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary methods used for detecting fractures. While these techniques are effective, they have notable limitations1. X-rays and CT scans expose patients to ionizing radiation, which can be harmful with repeated use. Furthermore, these imaging tools are often bulky, expensive, and require trained radiology professionals, making them less accessible in rural areas, emergency field settings, or resource-limited healthcare environments2.  \nIn light of these challenges, there is a growing need for alternative diagnostic approaches that are safe, cost-effective, portable, and easy to operate without compromising accuracy3. Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) presents a promising solution in this regard. BIA is a non-invasive and radiation-free method that measures the opposition of biological tissues to the flow of an alternating electrical current4. The impedance of tissues varies based on their composition, structure, and physiological condition5. When a bone is fractured, the surrounding tissue undergoes changes such as swelling, inflammation, or hematoma formation, which can significantly alter the local impedance characteristics. By monitoring these changes, BIA can potentially detect the presence of fractures and monitor healing over time6.  \nThe development of affordable, compact, and high-precision impedance measurement systems has been enabled by integrated circuits such as the AD5933 impedance converter by Analog Devices7. The AD5933 combines a frequency generator, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and digital signal processing unit, making it an ideal component for portable BIA devices8. In this study, we leverage the capabilities ofthe AD5933 to design a novel BIA-based device for bone fracture detection9. The device incorporates additional hardware components","cbCaia5muSD4Pem9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia5muSD4Pem9","pdf",3326392,"English","# Introduction\n## Limitations of conventional imaging\n## Rationale for BIA in fracture detection\n# Device Design\n## AD5933-based measurement approach\n## Hardware configuration and interface\n# Evaluation\n## Technical validation\n## Clinical validation\n# Results and Implications","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the AD5933-based segmental BIA device target?\",\"answer\":\"It targets the need for safer, lower-cost, portable, non-invasive fracture detection and bone healing monitoring when conventional imaging like X-ray/CT has drawbacks such as radiation and limited accessibility.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the device measure fracture-related changes?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a four-electrode configuration and the AD5933 impedance converter to measure impedance and phase angle variations at a fixed frequency of 50 kHz from the human knee across fracture and healing stages.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports the device’s reliability and clinical value?\",\"answer\":\"Technical validation with standard resistive and capacitive components showed measurement errors typically under 7%, and a clinical trial with fracture patients showed clear impedance and phase angle differences before versus after healing.\"}]","Segmental Body BIA Device Development for Fracture Detection | PDF",1790563445,35]