[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-43171-en":3,"doc-seo-43171-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},43171,1099514068035,"Ezra","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Seed Maturation and Combinatorial Control by Transcription Factors","Seed development depends on precise spatiotemporal transcriptional control that shapes storage reserve accumulation, dormancy, desiccation tolerance, and longevity. Rather than functioning alone, individual transcription factors (TFs) rarely act as solitary regulators; seed maturation typically relies on coordinated recruitment or replacement of multiple TFs for combinatorial regulation. Recent progress is emphasized in integrating activation and repression of maturation genes, followed by research directions to clarify TF network organization and regulatory logic.","Available online [at www.sciencedirect.com](at www.sciencedirect.com)[ ](at www.sciencedirect.com)ScienceDirect  \nCurrent Opinion in  \nPlant Biology  \nTeam effort: Combinatorial control of seed maturation by transcription factors  \nMilad Alizadeha , Ryan Hoya , Bailan Lu and Liang Song  \nAbstract  \nSeed development is under tight spatiotemporal regulation. Here, we summarize how transcriptional regulation helps shape the major traits during seed maturation, which include storage reserve accumulation, dormancy, desiccation tolerance, and longevity. The regulation is rarely a solo task by an individual transcription factor (TF) . Rather, it often involves coordinated recruitment or replacement of multiple TFs to achieve combinatorial regulation. We highlight recent progress on the transcriptional integration of activation and repression of seed maturation genes, and discuss potential research directions to further understand the TF networks of seed maturation.  \nAddresses  \nDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada  \nCorresponding author: Song, Liang ([liang.song@botany.ubc.ca](liang.song@botany.ubc.ca)) a These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nCurrent Opinion in Plant Biology 2021, 63:102091  \nThis review comes from a themed issue on Cell Signaling and Gene Regulation  \nEdited by Hong Qiao and Anna N. Stepanova  \nFor a complete overview see the Issue and the Editorial Available online 31 July 2021  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102091](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102091)  \n[1369-5266/](1369-5266/)© [2021 Elsevier Ltd](2021 Elsevier Ltd). All rights reserved.  \nKeywords  \nTranscription factor, Combinatorial regulation, Seed maturation, ABA..  \nIntroduction  \nSeed development encompasses a series of sequential physio-morphological changes, which are often orchestrated by a network of transcription factors (TFs) [1] . Two major phases of seed development are the establishment of the basic body pattern during early embryogenesis and seed maturation. These processes depend on the spatiotemporal regulation of TFs, a feature crucial for multicellular organisms to exert sophisticated control of gene expression [2] . The coordination ofTFs allows for the control of major maturation events in orthodox seeds that can withstand desiccation and freezing temperatures. These events include  \nstorage reserve accumulation, chlorophyll degradation, and the acquisition of primary dormancy, desiccation tolerance (DT), and longevity [1,3,4] . Storage reserve accumulation begins in early maturation. Seeds are filled with seed storage proteins (SSPs), oil, and storage polysaccharides, which later serve as energy sources forgerminative growth [1,4] . Chlorophyll degradation begins in late maturation to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and phototoxic products [3,5,6] . This is crucial for the acquisition of DTand longevity, as dehydrated embryos lack active metabolisms to relieve oxidative stress [7e9] . Dehydration occurs in late maturation to prepare embryos for entry into the dry state of glassy cytoplasm and immobilized biomolecules [4,8] . The collapse of cells and damaging of biomolecules during dehydration can be prevented by storage compounds, non-reducing sugars, and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins [4,6,9] . Seed germination in adverse environments is avoided by primary or secondary dormancy, which has been reviewed extensively [3, 10e12] . Successful completion of the maturation programs also helps to maintain seed longevity and vigor [8,9, 13] . The sequential events of seed maturation often rely on the recruitment of distinct sets of TFs and chromatin modifiers to the regulatory regions of target genes. In the following, we summarize regulatory commonalities across major maturation traits, and discuss TF-mediated coordination of the complex process during seed maturation.  \nCombinatorial regulation through the LAFL master TFs  \nThe tran","cbCaipzITp3ntdFB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipzITp3ntdFB","pdf",2316092,4,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Combinatorial regulation through the LAFL master TFs\n## LAFL factors and regulatory network\n## Examples from LEC1 target specificity","[{\"question\":\"How is seed maturation transcriptionally regulated?\",\"answer\":\"Seed maturation is regulated by spatiotemporal transcriptional control that coordinates major traits through networks of transcription factors.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is combinatorial regulation important in seed development?\",\"answer\":\"Combinatorial regulation uses coordinated recruitment or replacement of multiple TFs to achieve activation and repression patterns required for maturation genes.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the LAFL master TFs and what roles do they play?\",\"answer\":\"LAFL comprises LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2, which form a regulatory network controlling key maturation traits through self- and cross-regulation and interactions with other TF 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is seed maturation transcriptionally regulated?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Seed maturation is regulated by spatiotemporal transcriptional control that coordinates major traits through networks of transcription factors.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Why is combinatorial regulation important in seed development?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Combinatorial regulation uses coordinated recruitment or replacement of multiple TFs to achieve activation and repression patterns required for maturation genes.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What are the LAFL master TFs and what roles do they play?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"LAFL comprises LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2, which form a regulatory network controlling key maturation traits through self- and cross-regulation and interactions with other TF 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