[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-124886-en":3,"doc-seo-124886-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},124886,137441390410,"Hazel","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984",8,"Research & Report","Sediment subduction in Hadean revealed by machine learning","Hadean geologic processes, including subaerial weathering and plate tectonics, remain difficult to constrain because rock samples are scarce. Using Jack Hills zircons as the primary available Hadean record, the study develops a machine-learning classifier to decode zircon geochemical fingerprints from multiple trace elements. It identifies the oldest detrital zircons derived from sedimentary-derived “S-type” granites, showing S-type granite presence as early as 4.24 Ga and cyclic S-type proportions consistent with subduction-driven tectonic activity.","UC Davis  \nUC Davis Previously Published Works  \nTitle  \nSediment subduction in Hadean revealed by machine learning.  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kb6j14f](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kb6j14f)  \nJournal  \nProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(30)  \nAuthors  \nJiang, Jilian Zou, Xinyu Mitchell, Ross et al.  \nPublication Date  \n2024-07-23  \nDOI  \n10.1073/pnas.2405160121  \nPeer reviewed  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nEARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES  \n OPEN ACCESS  \nSediment subduction in Hadean revealed by machine learning  \nJilian Jianga, b,1, Xinyu Zouc,1, Ross N. Mitchella, b,2, Yigang Zhangd,e,2, Yong Zhaof, Qing-Zhu Ying , Wei Yangb,e , Xiqiang Zhoub, h, Hao Wanga, b ,  \nChristopher J. Spenceri , Xiaocai Shana, Shitou Wua, b, Guangming Lib,c, Kezhang Qinb,c, and Xian-Hua Lia, b  Affiliations are included on p. 8.  \nEdited by Bruce Watson, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY; received March 20, 2024; accepted June 5, 2024  \nDue to the scarcity of rock samples, the Hadean Era predating 4 billion years ago (Ga) poses challenges in understanding geological processes like subaerial weathering and plate tectonics that are critical for the evolution of life. The Jack Hills zircon from Western Australia, the primary Hadean samples available, offer valuable insights into magma sources and tectonic genesis through trace element signatures. However, a consensus on these signatures has not been reached. To address this, we developed a machine learning classifier capable of deciphering the geochemical fingerprints of zircon. This allowed us to identify the oldest detrital zircon originating from sedimentary-derived“S-type” granites. Our results indicate the presence of S-type granites as early as 4.24 Ga, persisting throughout the Hadean into the Archean. Examining global detrital zircon across Earth’s history reveals consistent supercontinent-like cycles from the present back to the Hadean. These findings suggest that a significant amount of Hadean continental crust was exposed, weathered into sediments, and incorporated into the magma sources of Jack Hills zircon. Only the early operation of both subaerial weathering and plate subduction can account for the prevalence ofS-type granites we observe. Additionally, the periodic evolution of S-type granite proportions implies that subduction-driven tectonic cycles were active during the Hadean, at least around 4.2 Ga. The evidence thus points toward an early Earth resembling the modern Earth in terms of active tectonicsand habitable surface conditions. This suggests the potential for life to originate in environments like warm ponds rather than extreme hydrothermal settings.  \nHadean | zircon | machine learning | S-type granite | subduction  \nThe estimated timing of the onset of subduction, spanning from the Hadean to Neoproterozoic, has been debated for decades (1–5). The crucial question is whether plate tectonics existed before or after 4 billion years ago (Ga), with particular emphasis on the Hadean Eon, which holds profound significance for understanding the geodynamic processes of early Earth (6). Notably, intensive debate over the tectonic regime on early Earth has focused on two widely discussed hypotheses, stagnant-lid tectonics (4, 7–11) and modern-like plate tectonics (6, 12, 13), about which contentious observations of Hadean zircon still persist. For example, the Hf isotope compositions of Hadean zircon (9) have been interpreted as evidence of a stagnant-lid regime and the absence of plate-tectonics-driven cycling. In contrast, Hf isotope cycling (6) and low heat flow inferred from inclusion-bearing zircon (13) argue for a subduction environment similar to modern plate tectonics. To address these discrepancies, it is necessary to determine the provenance of Hadean zircon and further determine the congruency (or incongruency) ","cbCaiiIO1VuPWlGf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiIO1VuPWlGf","pdf",1731628,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Significance\n## Machine learning approach and zircon geochemistry\n## Implications for early Earth tectonics and habitable conditions","[{\"question\":\"Why is the Hadean Era challenging to study in geology?\",\"answer\":\"Because rock samples older than about 4 billion years are scarce, making it difficult to trace processes such as subaerial weathering and plate tectonics.\"},{\"question\":\"What method does the study use to infer sediment subduction?\",\"answer\":\"It builds a machine-learning classifier that reads multidimensional zircon trace-element geochemical fingerprints to identify zircons sourced from “S-type” granites.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence does the study provide for early subduction?\",\"answer\":\"The detection of detrital zircons linked to S-type granites as early as 4.24 Ga, together with periodic changes in S-type granite proportions, indicates active subduction-driven tectonic cycles around ~4.2 Ga.\"}]","Sediment subduction in Hadean revealed by machine learning | 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is the Hadean Era challenging to study in geology?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Because rock samples older than about 4 billion years are scarce, making it difficult to trace processes such as subaerial weathering and plate tectonics.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What method does the study use to infer sediment subduction?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It builds a machine-learning classifier that reads multidimensional zircon trace-element geochemical fingerprints to identify zircons sourced from “S-type” granites.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What evidence does the study provide for early subduction?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The detection of detrital zircons linked to S-type granites as early as 4.24 Ga, together with periodic changes in S-type granite proportions, indicates active subduction-driven tectonic cycles around ~4.2 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