[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-663412-105":59,"doc-detail-663412-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","sectional-orthographic-projections-understanding-complex-inner-details-and-materials","SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS - Understanding complex inner details and materials","","Sectional orthographic projections explain how orthographic details of complex objects are interpreted when hidden lines make conventional views difficult. The material shows that section planes are imagined parallel to principal planes and that the portion between the cutting plane and observer is removed. It defines sectional view as the projected cut object, describes visible edges, contours, and typical omission of hidden lines, and specifies cutting plane lines, hatching/section lines, their spacing and thickness, and common orientations for vertical, horizontal, and profile plane sections.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sectional-orthographic-projections-understanding-complex-inner-details-and-materials/663412/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sectional-orthographic-projections-understanding-complex-inner-details-and-materials/663412.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are sectional orthographic projections used for complex objects?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Because complex objects have many hidden lines in normal orthographic projections, making inner details difficult to understand. Sectional projections make those details clearer.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is a cutting plane (section plane) in sectional projections?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The imaginary plane by which the object is cut is called the cutting plane or section plane. It is used to determine what portion is removed and what is projected.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are hatching lines drawn in a sectional view?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Hatching (section) lines represent the portion cut by the cutting plane, drawn thinner than object lines. They are evenly spaced (about 2 to 3 mm apart) and typically at around 45°.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},663412,1793227362,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":16,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS  \nWhen the object is complex from inside there will be difficult to understand the orthographic details of the complex object sectional  \nII To understand the materials of object :  \ncan be understood clearly by sectional  \nWhy sectional Orthographic projections are used?  \nI. To understand inner details of complex object:  \nWhen the object is complex from inside, there will be many hidden lines in the projections and it will be difficult to understand the orthographic projections. Therefore, to understand the details of the complex object, sectional orthographic Projections are used.  \nII. To understand the materials of object :  \nIf object is made of two or more materials, then it can be understood clearly by sectional orthographic projections.  \n􀂉 Orthographic projections of complex  \nOrthographic projections of complex objects are drawn after imagining it as an  \nobject cut by an imaginary cutting plane/planes  \n parallel to principal planes passing through the  details of the object  \ndetails of the object.  \n􀂉 An imaginary plane by which the object is cut  \nis known as cutting plane or section plane.  \nf th bj t b t tti l  \nti f t bj t i k  \n􀂉 Portion of the object between cutting plane and observer is imagined to be removed and then the object is viewed by the observer and projection is drawn.  \n􀂉 Projection of cut object is known as sectional view or sectional projection.  \nvisible edges and contours of object behind  \n􀂉 Generally hidden lines are not drawn in sectional view.  \n􀂉 In sectional views, the Shape of the section, visible edges and contours of object behind the section plane are drawn.  \nobject exists as a whole  \nare drawn as if the object is not cut and the object exists as a whole.  \n􀂉When one view is drawn sectional, other views  \nline is shown in non sectioned view to locate the  \n􀂉 It means other views are not affected by  \ntaking section in one view, but Cutting plane line is shown in non sectioned view to locate the section plane and arrows are drawn to show the direction of sight.  \nCutting plane line  \n􀂉 Cutting plane line is also known as line of section or trace of the cutting plane.  \n􀂉 The portion of the object cut by cutting plane and touching the cutting plane is shown by  \ndrawing hatching or section lines in them.  \n􀂉 Hatching or section lines are drawn thinner than  object lines.   \n􀂉 Hatching lines are evenly spaced at about  \nat 45 ˚ .  \n􀂉 Hatching lines are evenly spaced at about  \n2 to 3 mm apart.  \n􀂉 Normally hatching or section lines are drawn  \nobserver  \nCutting plane or section plane Parallel to H P   \nHatching  \n.P.  \nSectional TV  \nSectional T.V.  \n􀂉 Portion between observer and plane (Upper half portion)  \nF.V.  \nis imagined to be removed.  \n􀂉 Sectioned portion will be as shown in fig.  \n􀂉 True shape of sectioned portion will be  Back seen in T.V  \nVarious cutting planes or section planes  \n􀂉 Cutting plane Parallel to Principal vertical plane.  \n􀂉 Cutting plane Parallel to Principal horizontal plane .  \n􀂉 Cutting plane Parallel to profile plane.  \nCutting plane Parallel to Principal vertical plane  \nCutting plane Principal plane  \nbj t i t b l ll l t  \nWhen an object is cut by a plane parallel to Principal vertical plane then:  \np  \n􀂉The real or true shape of the section is observed  \nin F.V.  \n􀂉 ill be seen as a c tting plane line  \nSection plane will be seen as a cutting plane line in T.V.","cbCaic3WS3rfcipw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic3WS3rfcipw","pdf",1566377,"English","# SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS\n## Purpose of sectional orthographic projections\n## Orthographic projections of complex objects\n## Section plane, cutting plane, and sectional views\n## Hatching and section line conventions\n## Types of cutting planes and true shape in views","[{\"question\":\"Why are sectional orthographic projections used for complex objects?\",\"answer\":\"Because complex objects have many hidden lines in normal orthographic projections, making inner details difficult to understand. Sectional projections make those details clearer.\"},{\"question\":\"What is a cutting plane (section plane) in sectional projections?\",\"answer\":\"The imaginary plane by which the object is cut is called the cutting plane or section plane. It is used to determine what portion is removed and what is projected.\"},{\"question\":\"How are hatching lines drawn in a sectional view?\",\"answer\":\"Hatching (section) lines represent the portion cut by the cutting plane, drawn thinner than object lines. They are evenly spaced (about 2 to 3 mm apart) and typically at around 45°.\"}]","SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS - Understanding complex inner details and materials | PDF",202]