[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-579284-105":59,"doc-detail-579284-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","secondary-school-principal-perceptions-of-multi-optional-response-programs-as-a-school-safety-measure","Secondary School Principal Perceptions of Multi-Optional Response Programs as a - School Safety Measure","","Phenomenological research examines principals’ perceptions of multi-option response plans before, during, and after active shooter drills in secondary schools. The study analyzes interviews with eight secondary school principals and identifies three recurring themes across drill stages, emphasizing mandated drill practices in many states. Findings address how active shooter drills shape school culture, require preparation for students and faculty, and how district directives may specify multi-option planning to reduce risk in public school settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/secondary-school-principal-perceptions-of-multi-optional-response-programs-as-a-school-safety-measure/579284/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/secondary-school-principal-perceptions-of-multi-optional-response-programs-as-a-school-safety-measure/579284.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What does the study investigate about multi-option response plans?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"It investigates secondary principals’ perceptions of how multi-option response plans are used before, during, and after active shooter drills.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How many principals were interviewed, and what did the study find?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Interviews were conducted with eight secondary school principals, and the findings identified three central themes across the drill stages.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Why are active shooter drills emphasized in public secondary schools?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"State legislation often mandates drills, and leaders implement them to prepare students and faculty and to address school safety and culture challenges.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},579284,1792035348,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Secondary School Principal Perceptions of Multi-Optional Response Programs as a  \nSchool Safety Measure  \nBrett A. Burton  \nXavier University  \nAbstract  \nThe phenomenological research investigates the perceptions of principals on the use of multi-option response plans before, during, and after active shooter drills. The study discovers three central themes from eight Secondary principals. Active shooter drills in public schools are mandated by state legislation and create school culture challenges for stakeholders. Secondary school principals are required to prepare students and faculty for these potential risks. In individual states, school districts may direct principals to use a multi-option response plan for active shooter drills.  \nKeywords: Multi-option response, lockdown, principal perceptions, active shooter drills, school culture  \nMass school shootings and media attention motivate school leaders to implement safety plans to minimize casualties in case a school shooting takes place on campus (King & Bracy, 2019). Most states require school administrators to implement and practice active shooter response plans (Musu, Zhang, Wang, Zhang & Oudekerk, 2018) . Since 2004, multi-option response plans for active shooter drills have increased by 13 percent (Musu et al., 2004) .  \nThe purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the perceptions of eight secondary school principals in using multi-option response plans for active shooter drills. Research interviews were conducted to collect statements from participants about the use of multi-option response plans for active shooter drills. The findings from the secondary  \nLeadership and Research in Education: The Journal of the Ohio Council of Professors of 78  \nEducational Administration (OCPEA), Volume 5, Issue 2 , 2020  \nprincipal interviews revealed three central themes expanding across different stages of an active shooter drill (before, during, and after) .  \nThe phenomenological research investigates the perceptions of principals on the use of multi-option response plans before, during, and after active shooter drills. The study discovers three central themes from eight secondary principals. Active shooter drills in public schools are mandated by state legislation and create school culture challenges for stakeholders. Secondary school principals are required to prepare students and faculty for these potential risks. In individual states, school districts may direct principals to use a multi-option response plan for active shooter drills  \nAcross America, secondary educational leaders are concerned about school violence (Cuellar, 2018). According to Musu, Zhang, Wang, Zhang, and Oudekerk (2019), \"37 active shooter incidents\" took place in K-12 schools from the years 2000 to 2017. Also, approximately \"one to two percent or 20 students\" of all youth murders are committed on elementary, middle, and high school campuses (Rogers, 2019, p. 23) . Media coverage of mass school shootings such as Columbine, Sandy Hook, and Marjory Stoneman Douglas have roused more than two-thirds of schools to practice active shooter drills in preparation for a possible school shooting (Campbell, 2018) . The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (2008) defines an active shooter as a person who is\"actively engaged in killing or attempting\" to murder individuals in a \"confined and populate area\" and typically uses guns.  \nAs the media attention increased on school shootings after Columbine, school districts were motivated and directed by state officials to perform active shooter drills with faculty, students, and police (Jonson, 2017) . School districts have evolved in the  \nLeadership and Research in Education: The Journal of the Ohio Council of Professors of 79  \nEducational Administration (OCPEA), Volume 5, Issue 2 , 2020  \ntype of response for active shooter drills ranging from a traditional lockdown or shelterin-place to a full-fledge multi-option response, such as Run-Hide-Fight (King and Bra","cbCait4kPC2THx38","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait4kPC2THx38","pdf",429059,28,"English","# Abstract\n# Background and Rationale\n# Purpose and Qualitative Approach\n# Definitions and Response Plan Types\n# Conceptual Framework\n## School Culture and Principal Leadership","[{\"question\":\"What does the study investigate about multi-option response plans?\",\"answer\":\"It investigates secondary principals’ perceptions of how multi-option response plans are used before, during, and after active shooter drills.\"},{\"question\":\"How many principals were interviewed, and what did the study find?\",\"answer\":\"Interviews were conducted with eight secondary school principals, and the findings identified three central themes across the drill stages.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are active shooter drills emphasized in public secondary schools?\",\"answer\":\"State legislation often mandates drills, and leaders implement them to prepare students and faculty and to address school safety and culture challenges.\"}]","Secondary School Principal Perceptions of Multi-Optional Response Programs as a - School Safety Measure | PDF",71]