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Materials and Methods: 112 long-term survivors (≥2 years) received TKIs, ICIs, or immune combination therapy between 2013 and 2020. Results: 8.9% developed secondary malignancies. Conclusion: Early detection of suspicious lesions in other organs is essential during ongoing lung cancer treatment.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/second-malignancy-in-advanced-or-recurrent-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-after-the-advent-of-molecular-targeted-drugs-and-immunotherapy/334072/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/second-malignancy-in-advanced-or-recurrent-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-after-the-advent-of-molecular-targeted-drugs-and-immunotherapy/334072.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eden","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main objective of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To characterize patients with recurrent or advanced NSCLC who developed secondary malignancies after treatment with TKIs or ICIs, and to assess the impact of those secondary malignancies on the course of lung cancer.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many patients developed secondary malignancies in the results?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Among 112 patients, 10 (8.9%) developed 12 carcinomas, including third primary malignancies.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the study emphasize early diagnosis during lung cancer treatment?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because patients who survive long-term (≥2 years) still developed secondary malignancies, so suspicious lesions in other organs should be identified early using imaging or physical examinations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},334072,1790690792,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374391974468,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15457  \nORIGINA L ARTICLE  \nSecond malignancy in advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after the advent of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy  \nYoshihiro Masui  | Takehito Shukuya  | Shunichi Kataoka | Hitomi Shiozaki | Kana Kurokawa  | Ikuko Nakamura | Taichi Miyawaki | Yoshika Koinuma  | Tetsuhiko Asao | Ryota Kanemaru | Shoko Sonobe Shimamura | Tomoyasu Mimori | Yoichiro Mitsuishi | Ken Tajima | Naoko Shimada | Kazuhisa Takahashi  \nDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan  \nCorrespondence  \nTakehito Shukuya, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.  \nEmail: [tshukuya@juntendo.ac.jp](tshukuya@juntendo.ac.jp)  \nAbstract  \nObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with recurrent or advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) who developed secondary malignancies, as well as evaluate the impact of these secondary malignancies on the course of lung cancer.  \nMaterials and Methods: This study included 112 patients with postoperative recurrent or advanced NSCLC, who received TKIs, ICIs, or immune combination therapy as the primary treatment modality between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2020, and achieved long-term survival (≥2 years) . Secondary malignancies were defined as newly diagnosed cancers in other organs occurring after NSCLC treatment initiation.  \nResults: Among the 112 patients, 10 (8.9%) developed 12 carcinomas, including third primary malignancies. Univariate analysis, considering secondary malignancies as the outcome, revealed a non-significant trend towards a higher incidence of secondary malignancies in smokers compared to non-smokers.  \nConclusion: This study found that 8.9% of patients with advanced NSCLC who received TKIs, ICIs, or immune combination therapy and survived ≥2 years developed secondary malignancies. This underscores the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, even during lung cancer treatment, to identify suspicious lesions in other organs either via imaging or physical examinations.  \nKEYW ORD S  \nadvanced NSCLC, long survival, second malignancy  \nINTRODUCTION  \nIn 2019, lung cancer was reported to be the leading cause of cancer deaths in Japan and was associated with poor prognosis, especially in advanced stages (5-year survival rate: 10–20%) . 1,2 Before the discovery of driver oncogenes, corresponding molecular targeted agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents were the mainstay treatment for advanced non-small cell  \nlung cancer (NSCLC) . However, these agents offered limited effectiveness, with a median survival time (MST) of approxi  \nmately 1 year and often caused serious adverse events.3  \nA turning point in NSCLC therapy came in 2002 with the introduction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which significantly improved NSCLC prognosis.4,5 Osimertinib, the currently recommended first-line therapy for advanced-stage EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC, has demonstrated a  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.  \n© 2024 The Author(s) . Thoracic Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.  \nsignificantly extended overall survival (OS) of 38 .6 months.6 Subsequently, ICIs were introduced in the mid-2010s, which were found to provide a long-term survival comparable to that with conventional therapies. A study showed that the 5-year survival rate was 31.9% in pembrolizumab-treated advanced NSCLC cases that were EGFR mutation–negative, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene–negativ","cbCairvUp3CSkOIF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairvUp3CSkOIF","pdf",1054962,"English","# Abstract\n## Objectives\n## Materials and Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Study design and patients","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To characterize patients with recurrent or advanced NSCLC who developed secondary malignancies after treatment with TKIs or ICIs, and to assess the impact of those secondary malignancies on the course of lung cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"How many patients developed secondary malignancies in the results?\",\"answer\":\"Among 112 patients, 10 (8.9%) developed 12 carcinomas, including third primary malignancies.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the study emphasize early diagnosis during lung cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Because patients who survive long-term (≥2 years) still developed secondary malignancies, so suspicious lesions in other organs should be identified early using imaging or physical examinations.\"}]","Second malignancy in advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after the advent of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy | PDF",1790005199,18]