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The report compiles expert input and surveys key pathways including fishing (including ALDFG and fleets), aquaculture, and shipping and boating. 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Its principal task is to provide scientific advice concerning the prevention, reduction and control of the degradation of the marine environment to the Sponsoring Organizations .  \nThe report contains views expressed or endorsed by members of GESAMP who act in their individual capacities; their views may not necessarily correspond with those of the Sponsoring Organizations .  \nPermission may be granted by any of the Sponsoring Organizations for the report to be wholly or partially reproduced in publication by any individual who is not a staff member of a Sponsoring Organization of GESAMP, provided that the source of the extract and the condition mentioned above are indicated.  \nInformation about GESAMP and its reports and studies can be found [at www.gesamp.org](at www.gesamp.org)[ ](at www.gesamp.org)[ISSN 1020-4873](ISSN 1020-4873) (GESAMP Reports & Studies Series)  \nCopyright © IMO, FAO, UNESCO-IOC, UNIDO, WMO, IAEA, UN, UNEP, UNDP, ISA 2021 For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as:  \nGESAMP (2021) . “Sea-based sources of marine litter”, (Gilardi, K. , ed.) (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/ WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP/ISA Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection) . Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 108, 109 p.  \nReport editor: Kirsten Gilardi  \nContributors to the report: Pingguo He, Kyle Antonelis, Lumin Wang, Saly N Thomas, Kelsey Richardson, Emily Grilly, Peter Van den dries, David Santillo, Raffaella Piermarini, Olof Linden and Francois Galgani.  \nContents   \nPage  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................... 7  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................ 8  \n1 INTRODUCTION and BACKGROUND ................................................. 9  \n1.1 General overview .................................................................. 9  \n1.2 GESAMP Working Group 43 ......................................................... 10  \n1.2.1 Scoping Activities.......................................................... 10  \n1.2.2 Terms of Reference ........................................................ 10  \n1.2.3 Defining “sea-based marine litter”............................................. 11  \n1.3 General approach ................................................................. 11  \n2 FISHING AS A MARINE LITTER SOURCE ............................................. 11  \n2.1 Background and introduction ........................................................ 11  \n2.1.1 Defining ALDFG ........................................................... 11  \n2.1.2 Fisheries, fisher populations and fishing fleets ................................... 12  \n2.1.3 Fishing gear: Types and components .......................................... 13  \n2.1.4 Recreational fisheries ....................................................... 15  \n2.1.5 Fish aggregating devices .................................................... 16  \n2.1.6 Geographic trends ......................................................... 17  \n2.2 Causes for abandonment, loss or discard of fishing gear .................................. 18  \n2.2.1 Environmental causes ...................................................... 18  \n2.2.2 Conflicts with other fishing gear and vessels .................................... 19  \n2.2.3 Fisheries management and regulations......................................... 19  \n2.2.4 Operat","cbCaip1byRmyeHVL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaip1byRmyeHVL","pdf",3616485,112,"English","# EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n# ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n# 1 INTRODUCTION and BACKGROUND\n## 1.1 General overview\n## 1.2 GESAMP Working Group 43\n## 1.3 General approach\n# 2 FISHING AS A MARINE LITTER SOURCE\n## 2.1 Background and introduction\n## 2.2 Causes for abandonment, loss or discard of fishing gear\n## 2.3 Quantity and impact of marine litter from fishing\n## 2.4 Chapter summary\n# 3 AQUACULTURE AS A MARINE LITTER SOURCE\n## 3.1 Background and introduction\n## 3.2 Global aquaculture production\n## 3.3 Aquaculture as a source of marine litter\n## 3.4 Quantity and impact of marine litter from aquaculture\n## 3.5 Chapter summary\n# 4 SHIPPING and BOATING AS A MARINE LITTER SOURCE\n## 4.1 Background and introduction\n## 4.2 Types of marine litter from shipping\n## 4.3 Causes of marine litter from shipping","[{\"question\":\"What does GESAMP cover in this report?\",\"answer\":\"The report presents scientific views on sea-based sources of marine litter and addresses prevention, reduction, and control of marine environmental degradation through advice to sponsoring organizations.\"},{\"question\":\"What marine litter source topics are examined?\",\"answer\":\"It examines fishing (including ALDFG and fishing gear), aquaculture, and shipping and boating, including relevant mechanisms and impacts discussed per chapter.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the report findings organized?\",\"answer\":\"The structure includes an executive summary and background sections, then dedicated chapters for fishing, aquaculture, and shipping/boating, each covering causes, quantities, and impacts with chapter summaries.\"}]","SEA-BASED SOURCES OF MARINE LITTER - Reports & Studies Series - Report No. 108 | PDF",282]