[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-128776-en":3,"doc-seo-128776-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},128776,1099523882367,"Hazel","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc",8,"Research & Report","Scientific Machine Learning in Torque and Drag Drillstring Calculations - Master of Science Report","Extended reach (ER) drilling creates long, near-horizontal wellbores that improve productivity and enable targeting specific geological locations without new well sites. The extended well length increases drill-string contact with the earth, raising torque and frictional drag, which can cause broken drill strings or other mechanical failures. Accurate torque-and-drag (T&D) estimation is therefore a prerequisite for risk assessment and redesign of bore trajectories. The report presents trajectory modeling using B-splines and friction coefficient estimation via machine learning in Julia.","Copyright by  \nNelson Morrow 2024  \n1  \nThe Report Committee for Nelson Morrow Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Report:  \nScientific Machine Learning in Torque and Drag Drillstring  \nCalculations  \nAPPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMIT  \nTEE:  \nSupervisor:  \nJohn T. Foster  \nChad Landis  \nScientific Machine Learning in Torque and Drag Drillstring  \nCalculations  \nby  \nNelson Morrow  \nReport  \nPresented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin  \nin Partial Fulfillment  \nof the Requirements  \nfor the Degree of  \nMaster of Science in Engineering  \nThe University of Texas at Austin May 2024  \nDedication  \nTo all those who can’t read.  \nAcknowledgments  \nThroughout my graduate studies, I have been blessed with the unwavering support of many, each of whom has contributed to my journey in invaluable ways.  \nI am profoundly grateful to my advisor, Dr. John Foster, whose guidance and wisdom have been pivotal in my academic and personal growth. His mentorship has not only shaped my professional path but also instilled in me a lifelong passion for learning.  \nI’d like to thank my mom and big sister for raising me, my father for inspiring and guiding me, and my little sister for motivating me. I’d also like to thank my brother Nate and my friends Patrick, Akhil, Paschal, Cade, Danny and many others for always being there to keep me humble and push me beyond my expectations. If you ever read this report, you should check out the code snippets at the end, because they are pretty fun to play with. To Jeanette, I thank you for your love and your faith in me. The scientific community thanks you for reminding me to take off my shoes before I go to bed every single night, and to shower regularly. They are forever in your debt.  \nEach of you has played a significant role in this chapter of my life, and I am eternally thankful for your love and support.  \nAbstract  \nScientific Machine Learning in Torque and Drag Drillstring  \nCalculations  \nNelson Morrow, MSE  \nThe University of Texas at Austin, 2024  \nSupervisor: John T. Foster  \nExtended reach (ER) drilling is a method of directional drilling defined by creating wellbores that stretch horizontally across the surface of the earth for long distances. This has proven to be a particularly useful method in the oil and gas industry, as the extra distance can allow operators to maximize productivity of a well, and also can allow them to target specific geological locations without creating a new well site. ER drilling however poses unique challenges due to the increased length of the well bore, which increases the amount of contact between the drill string and the earth, leading to heightened torque and significantly increased frictional drag. If the drilling process of an extended reach well does not take these excess stresses into account, it can lead to a broken drill string or other mechanical failures.  \nEstimating, mathematically, this torque and drag (T&D) across the drill string for a given bore trajectory/well design is a necessary first step in ER drilling to begin to mitigate the risks posed by the increased bore hole length. Drill operators can run  \nrisk assessments on these (T&D) calculations and use this to redesign well paths, or  \nre evaluate drilling methods, if need be.  \nFundamentally, T&D analysis is composed of three critical components.The first component of T&D analysis is determining the trajectory of the drill string. During drilling, the position of the drill bit is not known explicitly, but is determined by interpolation from a discrete set of survey points. Historically, there have been various methods employed by the industry to do this. The current dominant method is called the minimum curvature method (MCM) . However, it has been shown that in various scenarios, the MCM can lead to significant underestimations of both true vertical depth (TVD) and dog leg severity (DLS) . The second component is the assumptions and s","cbCaiagiwvKb7fpd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiagiwvKb7fpd","pdf",5692026,3,1,61,"English","en",105,"# List of Acronyms and Symbols\n# List of Figures\n# Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview\n## 1.1 Extended Reach Drilling\n## 1.2 Relevant Components of a Drill String\n## 1.3 The Challenges of Extended Reach\n## 1.4 Problems with Current Methods\n# Chapter 2: Guiding and Surveying Wellbore Trajectories\n## 2.1 Managing Well Paths in Directional Drilling\n## 2.2 Wellbore Tortuosity\n## 2.3 Development of The MCM and Other Methods","[{\"question\":\"Why are torque and drag (T\\u0026D) calculations critical in extended reach (ER) drilling?\",\"answer\":\"ER drilling increases drill-string contact with the borehole, which elevates torque and frictional drag. Without accounting for these stresses, drilling can lead to broken drill strings or other mechanical failures.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main components of T\\u0026D analysis described in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report structures T\\u0026D analysis into three components: trajectory determination from survey points, assumptions and simplifications of the drill-string equations of motion (soft vs. stiff string models), and friction-related parameter estimation.\"},{\"question\":\"What innovations does the report propose for T\\u0026D modeling?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes modeling drill-string trajectories with B-splines to address limitations of minimum curvature, and estimating the friction coefficient using machine learning methods implemented in Julia.\"}]","Scientific Machine Learning in Torque and Drag Drillstring Calculations - Master of Science Report | PDF",1786003326,154,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"scientific-machine-learning-in-torque-and-drag-drillstring-calculations-master-of-science-report","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/scientific-machine-learning-in-torque-and-drag-drillstring-calculations-master-of-science-report/128776/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-23","2026-08-06",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why are torque and drag (T&D) calculations critical in extended reach (ER) drilling?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"ER drilling increases drill-string contact with the borehole, which elevates torque and frictional drag. Without accounting for these stresses, drilling can lead to broken drill strings or other mechanical failures.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What are the main components of T&D analysis described in the report?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The report structures T&D analysis into three components: trajectory determination from survey points, assumptions and simplifications of the drill-string equations of motion (soft vs. stiff string models), and friction-related parameter estimation.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What innovations does the report propose for T&D modeling?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It proposes modeling drill-string trajectories with B-splines to address limitations of minimum curvature, and estimating the friction coefficient using machine learning methods implemented in Julia.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]