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The study uses a questionnaire with seven biology content questions and a sample of 634 participants: 427 pupils aged 11–14 and 207 biology student teachers aged 20–23. Results show major differences between groups: student teachers demonstrate good, complex understanding, while pupils retain misconceptions about chlorophyll location, photosynthesis in plants, and energy transformation. Age-related analysis finds minimal progress among pupils and none among student teachers, suggesting more practical involvement during training.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/scientific-conceptions-of-photosynthesis-among-primary-school-pupils-and-student-teachers-of-biology-research-study/598028/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/scientific-conceptions-of-photosynthesis-among-primary-school-pupils-and-student-teachers-of-biology-research-study/598028.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main aim of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To explore the scientific conceptions about photosynthesis held by primary school pupils and biology student teachers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were data collected, and how many participants participated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Data were collected using a questionnaire containing seven biology content questions. The study included 634 participants: 427 pupils and 207 biology student teachers.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What misconceptions about photosynthesis were found among primary school pupils?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Pupils showed misconceptions about the location of chlorophyll and how photosynthesis occurs in plants, as well as the transformation of energy during photosynthesis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},598028,1792188919,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Scientific Conceptions of Photosynthesis among  \nPrimary School Pupils and Student Teachers of Biology  \nDarja Skribe Dimec1 and Jelka Strgar*2  \n• Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical process on Earth. Most living beings depend on it directly or indirectly. Knowledge about photosynthesis enables us to understand how the world functions as an ecosystem and how photosynthesis acts as a bridge between the non-living and living worlds. It is, therefore, understandable that photosynthesis is included in national curricula around the world. The practice unfortunately shows that students at all school levels mostly learn about photosynthesis by rote. Consequently, they have difficulties understanding this vital process. Research also shows many misconceptions in relation to photosynthesis among students of different ages. Based on these, the main aim of our study was to explore the scientific conceptions about photosynthesis held by primary school pupils and student teachers of biology. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing seven biology content questions. The sample consisted of 634 participants, 427 primary school pupils (aged 11–14), and 207 student teachers of biology (aged 20–23). We found that the populations of primary school pupils and student teachers of biology differ greatly concerning scientific conceptions of photosynthesis. The student teachers showed good and complex understanding of photosynthesis, while pupils showed some misconceptions (location of chlorophyll and photosynthesis in a plant, transformation of energy in photosynthesis). Analysis of the development of scientific conceptions about photosynthesis with age showed that there is very little progress among primary school pupils and none among biology student teachers. More involvement of student teachers of biology in practical work at primary schools during their study was suggested to make student teachers aware of, and better understand pupils’ misconceptions.  \nKeywords: photosynthesis; biology; scientific conceptions;  \ndevelopment; primary school; pupils; student teachers of biology  \n1 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education, Slovenia.  \n2 *Corresponding Author. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Slovenia; [jelka.strgar@bf.uni-lj.si](jelka.strgar@bf.uni-lj.si).  \n50 scientific conceptions of photosynthesis among primary school pupils and ...  \nZnanstvena pojmovanja o fotosintezi pri učencihosnovne šole in bodočih učiteljih biologije  \nDarja Skribe Dimec in Jelka Strgar  \n• Fotosinteza je najpomembnejši biokemični proces na Zemlji. Od nje je posredno ali neposredno odvisna večina živih bitij na Zemlji. Poznavanjefotosinteze nam omogoča, da razumemo, kako deluje svet kot ekosistem ter kako fotosinteza deluje kot most med neživim in živim svetom. Zato je razumljivo, da je fotosinteza vključena v nacionalne učne načrte širokopo svetu. Praksa žal kaže, da se učenci na vseh stopnjah izobraževanja fotosintezo večinoma učijo na pamet. Posledica tega je, da imajo težave pri razumevanju tega pomembnega procesa in da ne morejo uporabljati pridobljenega znanja. Raziskave kažejo tudi številna napačna pojmovanja, povezana s fotosintezo, ki jih imajo učenci različnih starosti. Izhajajoč iz tega, je bil glavni cilj naše študije raziskati znanstvena pojmovanja o fotosintezi med učenci osnovne šole in bodočimi učitelji biologije. Podatkesmo zbrali z vprašalnikom, ki je vseboval 7 vprašanj. Vzorec je sestavljalo 634 sodelujočih, 427 učencev osnovne šole (starih 11–14 let) in 207 bodočih učiteljev biologije (20–23 let). Ugotovili smo, da se populaciji osnovnošolcev in bodočih učiteljev biologije med seboj zelo razlikujetaglede znanstvenih pojmovanj o fotosintezi. Bodoči učitelji biologijeso pokazali zadovoljivo in kompleksno razumevanje znanstvenih pojmovanj o fotosintezi, medtem ko smo pri osnovnošolcih našli nekateranapačna pojmovanja (lega klorofila in poteka fotosinteze v rastlini, energetske pretvo","cbCaihMc3flI3SKC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihMc3flI3SKC","pdf",243102,"English","# Background\n## Learning photosynthesis in curricula\n# Study Design and Data Collection\n## Questionnaire and participants\n# Results\n## Differences between pupils and student teachers\n## Misconceptions identified\n# Development Over Age\n## Progress among pupils\n## Progress among student teachers\n# Educational Implications\n## Suggested practical involvement","[{\"question\":\"What is the main aim of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To explore the scientific conceptions about photosynthesis held by primary school pupils and biology student teachers.\"},{\"question\":\"How were data collected, and how many participants participated?\",\"answer\":\"Data were collected using a questionnaire containing seven biology content questions. The study included 634 participants: 427 pupils and 207 biology student teachers.\"},{\"question\":\"What misconceptions about photosynthesis were found among primary school pupils?\",\"answer\":\"Pupils showed misconceptions about the location of chlorophyll and how photosynthesis occurs in plants, as well as the transformation of energy during photosynthesis.\"}]","Scientific Conceptions of Photosynthesis among Primary School Pupils and Student Teachers of Biology - Research Study | PDF",1792086163]