[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590649-105":59,"doc-detail-590649-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","schooling-effects-on-literacy-skills-during-the-transition-to-school","Schooling Effects on Literacy Skills During the Transition to School","","Regression discontinuity is used to characterize how schooling experiences across grade levels predict early literacy subskills during the school transition. Data from 334 children show moderate positive effects of prekindergarten, kindergarten, and first grade schooling on decoding, while kindergarten and first grade schooling predict comprehension. No significant schooling effects appear for expressive vocabulary or sound awareness at any examined grade level. Robustness tests across RD estimation methods support heterogeneity in schooling impacts and inform early literacy development in regular public schooling contexts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/schooling-effects-on-literacy-skills-during-the-transition-to-school/590649/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/schooling-effects-on-literacy-skills-during-the-transition-to-school/590649.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What method is used to study the link between schooling and literacy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses a regression discontinuity (RD) design to examine how grade-level schooling experiences predict specific early literacy subskills during the transition to school.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which literacy skills showed positive effects from schooling?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Prekindergarten, kindergarten, and first grade schooling showed moderate positive effects on decoding, and kindergarten and first grade schooling predicted comprehension skills.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Were there any schooling effects on expressive vocabulary or sound awareness?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No significant effects of schooling at any grade level were found for expressive vocabulary or sound awareness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590649,1792209326,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","AERA Open  \nJuly-September 2018, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 1–15 DOI: 10. 1177/2332858418798793  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2018. [http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nSchooling Effects on Literacy Skills During the Transition to School  \nMatthew H. Kim  \nUniversity of Washington  \nFrederick J. Morrison  \nUniversity of Michigan  \nThe current study used a regression discontinuity (RD) design to characterize more precisely the link between schooling and literacy by examining whether and how different grade-level, practice-as-usual schooling experiences uniquely predict specific literacy subskills during the transition to school. Data from 334 children revealed moderate positive effects of prekindergarten, kindergarten, and first grade schooling on decoding, while kindergarten and first grade schooling predicted comprehension skills. There was no significant effect of schooling at any grade level on expressive vocabulary or sound awareness. Results were robust to different RD estimation methods and highlight the heterogeneity of schooling effects on early literacy skill development. Implications for understanding early literacy development in the context of regular, public schooling are discussed.  \nKeywords: literacy, decoding, comprehension, early schooling, regression discontinuity  \nIntroduction  \nLearning to read is among the most important skills that children acquire during the early childhood years. Reading development is a complex and multifaceted process and involves the acquisition and mastery of many subskills, including decoding, sound awareness, vocabulary, and comprehension. While these skills grow as a function of biological development, children also acquire these skills through multiple, extensive experiences at home and especially in school. Research has demonstrated that special intervention programs positively contribute to literacy skills, but less is known about whether the effects of practice-as-usual literacy instruction vary as a function of grade-level schooling experiences and different literacy skills important for fluent reading. In the present study, we aim to characterize more precisely the link between schooling and literacy by examining whether and how different grade-level schooling experiences uniquely predict specific literacy subskills. Toward that end, we used a quasi-experimental method called regression discontinuity to examine the nature and magnitude of schooling effects on a range of skills representative of early literacy during the transition to school.  \nDevelopment of Early Reading  \nFluent reading involves mastery of a variety of literacy skills during early childhood and elementary school. Whitehurst and Lonigan (1998) describe emergent literacy as  \na developmental phenomenon in which meaningful reading skill acquisition occurs during the preschool years, contrasting with the traditional view that reading skills are largely learned only when children start formal schooling. Reading development is shaped by a variety of individual and contextual factors, including the home and parenting environment (e.g., Roberts, Jurgens, & Burchinal, 2005) . Individual differences in literacy behaviors emerge very early in life and remain stable throughout early childhood and even beyond (e.g., Hart & Risley, 1995), but growth in literacy is also dependent on schooling and can be modified through regular instruction as well as special intervention programs (e.g., Borman et al., 2007; Farver, Lonigan, & Eppe, 2009; Schwartz, 2005; Wilson, Dickinson, & Rowe, 2013) .  \nThe current study examined four domains of early literacy skill development: decoding, phonological skills, vocabulary, and comprehension. Decoding involves the ability to map alphabetic symbols and words with their corresponding sounds (e.g., Lonigan, Burgess, & Anthony, 2000) . Ph","cbCaipb00xp9TBKb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipb00xp9TBKb","pdf",518369,15,"English","# Introduction\n# Development of Early Reading\n## Emergent literacy and individual differences\n## Four domains of early literacy skills","[{\"question\":\"What method is used to study the link between schooling and literacy?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses a regression discontinuity (RD) design to examine how grade-level schooling experiences predict specific early literacy subskills during the transition to school.\"},{\"question\":\"Which literacy skills showed positive effects from schooling?\",\"answer\":\"Prekindergarten, kindergarten, and first grade schooling showed moderate positive effects on decoding, and kindergarten and first grade schooling predicted comprehension skills.\"},{\"question\":\"Were there any schooling effects on expressive vocabulary or sound awareness?\",\"answer\":\"No significant effects of schooling at any grade level were found for expressive vocabulary or sound awareness.\"}]","Schooling Effects on Literacy Skills During the Transition to School | PDF",1792070121,38]