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Using Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA) data and a difference-in-differences design, it tracks cross-county shock variation and within-county exposure across school-age cohorts. Results show larger declines in math and ELA achievement for cohorts attending school during the recession in more adversely affected communities, especially in districts serving economically disadvantaged and minority students, concluding with policy response considerations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/schooling-during-the-great-recession-patterns-of-school-spending-and-student-achievement-using-population-data/590834/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/schooling-during-the-great-recession-patterns-of-school-spending-and-student-achievement-using-population-data/590834.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What data and research design are used to study the Great Recession’s impact on schooling?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses data from the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA) and applies a difference-in-differences strategy combining cross-county shock variation with within-county, cross-cohort exposure during school-age years.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does student achievement change for cohorts exposed to the Great Recession while in school?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The article finds greater declines in student math and English language arts (ELA) achievement for cohorts attending school during the Great Recession in communities most affected by employment shocks compared with cohorts entering after the recession ended.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which school districts show larger achievement declines during the recession period?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Declines are larger in school districts serving more economically disadvantaged and minority students.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590834,1792160835,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","AERA Open  \nJuly-September 2019, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 1–29 DOI: 10. 1177/2332858419877431  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2019. [http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nSchooling During the Great Recession: Patterns of School Spending and Student Achievement Using Population Data  \nKenneth Shores  \nPennsylvania State University  \nMatthew P. Steinberg  \nGeorge Mason University  \nThe Great Recession was the most severe economic downturn in the United States since the Great Depression. Using data from the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA), we describe the patterns of math and English language arts (ELA) achievement for students attending schools in communities differentially affected by recession-induced employment shocks. Employing a difference-in-differences strategy that leverages both cross-county variation in the economic shock of the recession and within-county, cross-cohort variation in school-age years of exposure to the recession, we find that declines in student math and ELA achievement were greater for cohorts of students attending school during the Great Recession in communities most adversely affected by recession-induced employment shocks, relative to cohorts of students that entered school after the recession had officially ended. Moreover, declines in student achievement were larger in school districts serving more economically disadvantaged and minority students. We conclude by discussing potential policy responses.  \nKeywords: Great Recession, economic downturn, student achievement  \nIntroduction  \nDecember 2007 marked the onset of an 18-month economic recession that had severe and wide-ranging economic and educational consequences. During this period, now referred to as the Great Recession, the unemployment rate rose by 5 percentage points, reaching 10% by October 2009 (Evans, Schwab, & Wagner, 2019) . In the wake of the Great Recession, the U.S. housing market declined dramatically, and household wealth suffered under an unprecedented shock to equity markets (Hurd & Rohwedder, 2010; Wolff, Owens, & Burak, 2011) . While states and counties with the largest shares of construction employment and inflated housing stock were hardest hit by the Great Recession (Fogli, Hill, & Perri, 2015), its disproportionate effect also varied along ethnic lines. The White-Black and White-Hispanic wealth gaps increased between 2007 and 2013 (Kochhar & Fry, 2014), and negative spillovers from the economic shock onto youth outcomes, including college attendance and mental health, disproportionately affected African Americans and Hispanics (Ananat, Gassman-Pines, Francis, & Gibson-Davis, 2017; GassmanPines, Ananat, & Gibson-Davis, 2014) .  \nThe effect of the Great Recession on school districts was similarly pronounced, imposing constraints on state and  \nlocal funding for schools (Chakrabarti & Livingston, 2013; Leachman & Mai, 2014; National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010) . Evans et al. (2019) estimate that the recession reduced state and local revenues by 5%, and that educational revenues did not recover to prerecession levels until nearly 5 years after the recession. These fiscal shocks led to subsequent reductions in educational employment, with public school employment falling by 3.7%, a loss of approximately 300,000 jobs nationwide (Evans et al., 2019) .  \nYet, little evidence exists on the academic consequences of attending school during the Great Recession. While recent evidence documents declines in school spending nationally following the onset of the Great Recession (Evans et al., 2019), little work has examined how (and to what extent) school spending evolved differently across counties most severely affected by the recession (Shores & Steinberg, 2018) . Indeed, given the importance of school inputs to student outcomes (e.g., Candelaria & Shores, 2019; Jackson, J","cbCaiuqNZeIaumpO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuqNZeIaumpO","pdf",2231855,29,"English","# Introduction\n## Great Recession context and educational consequences\n## Research gap and motivation\n## Study questions","[{\"question\":\"What data and research design are used to study the Great Recession’s impact on schooling?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses data from the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA) and applies a difference-in-differences strategy combining cross-county shock variation with within-county, cross-cohort exposure during school-age years.\"},{\"question\":\"How does student achievement change for cohorts exposed to the Great Recession while in school?\",\"answer\":\"The article finds greater declines in student math and English language arts (ELA) achievement for cohorts attending school during the Great Recession in communities most affected by employment shocks compared with cohorts entering after the recession ended.\"},{\"question\":\"Which school districts show larger achievement declines during the recession period?\",\"answer\":\"Declines are larger in school districts serving more economically disadvantaged and minority students.\"}]","Schooling During the Great Recession - Patterns of School Spending and Student Achievement Using Population Data | PDF",1792070530,73]