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Using Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory, the research analyzes how motivating and maintenance factors shape principals’ satisfaction levels. Logistic multiple regressions are applied to survey data from 2,701 Ontario elementary and secondary school principals, with 1,423 valid cases used for analysis. Findings indicate that work intensification significantly affects job satisfaction through both motivating and maintenance factors.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/school-principals-job-satisfaction-the-effects-of-work-intensification/596768/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/school-principals-job-satisfaction-the-effects-of-work-intensification/596768.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Muffet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main focus of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study focuses on how principals’ job satisfaction is related to their work intensification.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which theory guides the analysis of job satisfaction?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory is used to explain how motivating and maintenance factors influence job satisfaction.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What data and methods are used to test the relationships?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Survey data from 2,701 Ontario principals are analyzed using logistic multiple regressions, with 1,423 valid cases used.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},596768,1792188929,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090768927,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","School Principals’ Job Satisfaction: The Effects of Work Intensification  \nFei Wang, Katina Pollock, & Cameron Hauseman  \nUniversity of British Columbia, Western University, University of Toronto  \nAbstract  \nThis study examines principals’job satisfaction in relation to their work intensification. Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory was used to shed light on how motivating and maintenance factors affect principals’job satisfaction. Logistic multiple regressions were used in the analysis of survey data that were collected from 2,701 elementary and secondary school principal members of the Ontario Principals’ Council in Ontario, Canada. Approximately1,423 valid cases were used in data analysis. Results show that principals’ work intensification affects their job satisfaction. As a result of work intensification, motivating factors, such as workplace challenge, recognition from the employer, and work demand; and maintenance factors such as external policy influence, organizational support, principals’ relationships with teachers, superintendents, and unions are having a significant impact on principals’job satisfaction. These factors affect the extent to which they are able to contribute effectively to improving student achievement and school performance.  \nKeywords: Job satisfaction, work intensification, motivating and maintenance factors  \nIntroduction  \nRecent Canadian and international studies identified a number of changes that have influenced the work and workload of principals, including: school regulation and policy changes; pedagogical, social, and demographic changes; budgetary cuts; the marketization of education; technological advancement; and changes in parental expectations (Alberta Teachers’ Association [ATA], 2014; Alsaeedi & Male, 2013; Cardno & Youngs, 2013; Leithwood & Azah, 2014; Pollock, Wang, & Hauseman, 2015; Reames, Kochan, & Zhu, 2014; Riley, 2016; US Bureau of Labour Statistics, 2016) . These changes, coupled with the growing emphasis on accountability, academic standards, and high-stakes testing, have led to increasing demands on principals, a sharp increase in their job responsibilities, and added complexity of their work (Darmody & Smyth, 2016; Markow, Macia, & Lee, 2013) . Although the additional roles and responsibilities can be exciting and challenging in positive ways—and may lead to personal and professional growth—principals frequently view change as a source of stress (Chaplain, 2001) . These changes seem to have decreased job satisfaction among principals, which not only negatively impacts their work performance (Markow et al., 2013) but also affects the recruitment and retention of future principals (Federici & Skaalvik, 2012; Guterman, 2007; Kwan & Walker, 2008; Lin, 2013) .  \nJob satisfaction is evidently an important contributing factor to work performance (Bakotic, 2016; Eckman, 2004) . Knowing which factors increase principals’ job satisfaction could help improve their well-being and support principals in their current work. Educational stakeholders must understand how principals’work intensification impacts their job satisfaction in order to provide better support and service to their work. Accordingly, this study investigated the various work-related factors that affect principals’  \njob satisfaction in Ontario, which has one of the largest number of principals in Canada. The following questions guided our inquiry:  \n• How do Ontario school principals perceive their job within the context of work intensification?  \n• Which factors influence or contribute most to principals’ levels of job satisfaction, and what implications do those factors have?  \nLiterature Review  \nThe literature on job satisfaction involves a wide variety of job settings and types. Given the broad scope of the existing research, our literature review focused on aspects most relevant to this study: how job satisfaction is defined, how it is related to principals’ work intensification, and what factors have been ","cbCaikF0vJRa5du7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikF0vJRa5du7","pdf",422948,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Job Satisfaction\n# Literature Review\n## Job Satisfaction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on how principals’ job satisfaction is related to their work intensification.\"},{\"question\":\"Which theory guides the analysis of job satisfaction?\",\"answer\":\"Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory is used to explain how motivating and maintenance factors influence job satisfaction.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and methods are used to test the relationships?\",\"answer\":\"Survey data from 2,701 Ontario principals are analyzed using logistic multiple regressions, with 1,423 valid cases used.\"}]","School Principals’ Job Satisfaction - The Effects of Work Intensification | PDF",1792083680,45]