[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-428142-105":59,"doc-detail-428142-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","scentscapes-understandings-of-nature-consumption-and-commodification-through-agarwood-and-olfaction","Scentscapes: Understandings of Nature, Consumption, and Commodification through Agarwood and Olfaction","","This dissertation explores the olfactory economies of agarwood, a high-value non-timber forest product prized for its fragrance and used in incense, perfumes, and traditional medicine. Derived mainly from Aquilaria, species that are vulnerable or endangered and regulated under CITES, the research analyzes how culturally and geographically specific meanings shape a commodity network. Using 15 months of Southeast Asia fieldwork and ethnographic methods, the study traces “scentscapes” across production, use, and meaning. Three main scentscapes are defined and show how diverse valuations resist consolidation and regulation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/scentscapes-understandings-of-nature-consumption-and-commodification-through-agarwood-and-olfaction/428142/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/scentscapes-understandings-of-nature-consumption-and-commodification-through-agarwood-and-olfaction/428142.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the central topic of the dissertation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The dissertation examines the olfactory economies of agarwood and how scent-related understandings influence consumption, production, and value creation within commodity networks.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is meant by “scentscapes” in this study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"“Scentscapes” refer to different economies of olfaction, production, use, and meaning across spaces and cultures, traced from fieldwork in Southeast Asia.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the dissertation relate agarwood to regulation under CITES?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It argues that CITES valuations and sustainability notions rely on traditional commodity frameworks, which mismatch the diverse valuations expressed across the dissertation’s scentscapes, making regulation difficult.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},428142,1790716645,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA  \nLos Angeles  \nScentscapes: Understandings of Nature, Consumption, and Commodification through Agarwood  \nand Olfaction  \nA dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the  \nrequirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy  \nin Geography  \nby  \nTuyen Bich Le  \n2018  \n© Copyright by Tuyen Bich Le 2018  \nABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION  \nScentscapes: Understandings of Nature, Consumption, and Commodification through Agarwood  \nand Olfaction  \nby  \nTuyen Bich Le  \nDoctor of Philosophy in Geography  \nUniversity of California, Los Angeles, 2018  \nProfessor Lieba Bernice Faier, Chair  \nThis dissertation explores the olfactory economies of agarwood, a high-value non-timber forest product prized for its unique fragrance and used in incense, perfumes, and traditional medicine. It is primarily derived from a genus of trees called Aquilaria, which is native to Southeast Asia and is traded globally. Aquilaria species are classified as vulnerable or endangered and are subject to regulations under the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) .  \nThis project demonstrates how varied understandings of nature, consumption practices, and consumer preferences can create irregularities in a globalized production network. In  \ncontrast to scholarship on commodity networks that detail how trade and consumption patterns are formed, and how people and places become systematically enrolled into structured networks of trade and production, the production of agarwood shows how culturally and geographically specific meanings and preferences create a commodity network that is inconsistent, characterized as diffuse, disarticulated, flexible, and often obscured. I show this by tracing the “scentscapes” of agarwood, based on 15 months of fieldwork in Southeast Asia using ethnographic methods. Drawing from Appadurai (1990), I define “scentscapes” as the different economies of olfaction, production, use, and meaning across space and cultures. Each scentscape draws a path between places and practices of consumption, and corresponding places and practices of production. I detail the peculiarities of olfaction as a sense and olfactory practices as consumption, which contribute to the irregular form of agarwood’s commodity network.  \nI define and contextualize agarwood’s three main scentscapes: the domestic “homeland”of Aquilaria’s native range in Southeast Asia, the traditional export markets ofthe Middle East and East Asia, and the new market in the West. These scentscapes provide insight into how different actors value and understand nature within a context of commodity production, endangerment, and international regulation. Agarwood’s diverse scentscapes and commodity characteristics make it resistant not only to consolidation in production, but to regulation as well:  \nbecause CITES’s fundamental valuations of nature and understandings of sustainability are predicated on traditional notions of commodities and production, it is mismatched with the diverse valuations that manifest and are expressed in these scentscapes.  \nThe dissertation of Tuyen Bich Le is approved.  \nJohn A. Agnew Judith A. Carney Thu-Huong Nguyen-Vo Lieba Bernice Faier, Committee Chair  \nUniversity of California, Los Angeles  \n2018  \nFor Má, Ba, Chị Hai, and Chị Ba, whose sacrifices, bravery, selflessness, and unconditional love  \nenabled this work.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nLIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... viii  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. x  \nVITA................................................................................................................................. xii  \nINTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1  \nSCENE: IN THE MEKONG DELTA ........................................","cbCaisdDIB1g6YDA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisdDIB1g6YDA","pdf",9793753,212,"English","# LIST OF FIGURES\n# ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n# VITA\n# INTRODUCTION\n# SCENE: IN THE MEKONG DELTA\n# DISSERTATION ARGUMENT: UNDERSTANDING THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL WORLDS OF “SCENTSCAPES”\n# THE AGARWOOD COMMODITY: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT\n## Agarwood’s Biological Basics and Regulatory Framework\n# CONTRIBUTION TO THE LITERATURE\n## Commodities\n## Olfaction as Consumption and the Creation of Value and Meaning\n## Understanding Production in Relation to Consumption\n## Understanding Olfaction\n# METHODS AND POSITIONALITY\n## CHAPTER OUTLINE\n# CHAPTER 1. OLFACTION AND SCENTSCAPES\n## INTRODUCTION\n## OLFACTION AS A BODILY EXPERIENCE\n## OLFACTION AS CONSUMPTION OF “NATURE”","[{\"question\":\"What is the central topic of the dissertation?\",\"answer\":\"The dissertation examines the olfactory economies of agarwood and how scent-related understandings influence consumption, production, and value creation within commodity networks.\"},{\"question\":\"What is meant by “scentscapes” in this study?\",\"answer\":\"“Scentscapes” refer to different economies of olfaction, production, use, and meaning across spaces and cultures, traced from fieldwork in Southeast Asia.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the dissertation relate agarwood to regulation under CITES?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that CITES valuations and sustainability notions rely on traditional commodity frameworks, which mismatch the diverse valuations expressed across the dissertation’s scentscapes, making regulation difficult.\"}]","Scentscapes: Understandings of Nature, Consumption, and Commodification through Agarwood and Olfaction | PDF",1790645915,534]