[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-141720-105":59,"doc-detail-141720-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","scan-patterns-during-real-world-scene-viewing-predict-individual-differences-in-cognitive-capacity","Scan patterns during real-world scene viewing predict individual differences in cognitive capacity","","Scan patterns in real-world scene viewing vary across individuals, yet the link between these scan-pattern differences and cognitive differences remains insufficiently understood due to the difficulty of analyzing scan patterns. This study applies Successor Representation Scanpath Analysis to measure how scan-pattern variability relates to individual differences in intelligence, working memory capacity, and processing speed. Results show scan-pattern differences explain over 40% of variance in intelligence and working memory and more than one third of processing-speed variance. The findings inform gaze-control models and future individual-differences research.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/scan-patterns-during-real-world-scene-viewing-predict-individual-differences-in-cognitive-capacity/141720/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/scan-patterns-during-real-world-scene-viewing-predict-individual-differences-in-cognitive-capacity/141720.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Logic","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-20","2026-08-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What method does the study use to analyze scan patterns?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses Successor Representation Scanpath Analysis to quantify associations between scan-pattern variability and individual cognitive differences.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which cognitive capacities are predicted by scan patterns?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Scan patterns predict individual differences in viewer intelligence, working memory capacity, and speed of processing.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How much variance do scan-pattern differences explain?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Scan-pattern differences explain more than 40% of variance in intelligence and working memory measures, and more than a third of variance in processing-speed measures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},141720,1787663459,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},1099513958762,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253","Scan patterns during real-world scene viewing predict individual differences in cognitive capacity  \nTaylor R . Hayes  \nCenter for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA  \n\\# $  \nCenter for Mind and Brain and Department of  \nJohn M . Henderson Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA  \n\\# $  \nFrom the earliest recordings of eye movements during active scene viewing to the present day, researchers have commonly reported individual differences in eye movement scan patterns under constant stimulus and task demands. These findings suggest viewer individual differences may be important for understanding gaze control during scene viewing. However, the relationship between scan patterns and viewer individual differences during scene viewing remains poorly understood because scan patterns are difficult to analyze. The present study uses a powerful technique called Successor Representation Scanpath Analysis (Hayes, Petrov, & Sederberg, 2011, 2015) to quantify the strength of the association between individual differences in scan patterns during real-world scene viewing and individual differences in viewer intelligence, working memory capacity, and speed of processing. The results of this analysis revealed individual differences in scan patterns that explained more than 40% of the variance in viewer intelligence and working memory capacity measures, and more than a third of the variance in speed of processing measures. The theoretical implications of our findings for models of gaze control and avenues for future individual differences research are discussed.  \nWhen viewing a scene, we actively move our eyes three to four times each second to sample the visual environment (Henderson, 2003) . The series of eye movements during scene viewing can broadly be categorized into periods where our eyes are held relatively stable (fixations) and periods where our eyes rapidly move between two different spatial locations (saccades) . During fixation periods, the area of the eye’s retina with the highest acuity is directed to aspecific location within the scene and high-quality visual information is acquired. In contrast, limited  \nvisual information is acquired during the rapid saccadic eye movements between fixations—a phenomena known as saccadic suppression (Matin, 1974; Thiele,  \nHenning, Kubischik, & Hoffman, 2002) . The result of viewing a real-world scene is a complex, sequential pattern of fixations and saccades called ‘‘scanpaths’’ or‘‘scan patterns’’ (Noton & Stark, 1971a, 1971b; Stark & Ellis, 1981; see Figure 1) . Scan patterns provide a rich description of how overt visual attention is used to sequentially filter our visual environment in an effort to satisfy ongoing perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral goals (Churchland, Ramachandran, & Sejnowski, 1994; Findlay & Gilchrist, 2003), and have the potential to provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of gaze control during scene viewing.  \nPioneering work on scene viewing by Buswell (1935) and Yarbus (1967) produced early qualitative findings that described differences in scan patterns related to the properties of the scene stimulus, the scene task, and the viewer. Since this early scene work, there has been a great deal of research investigating how image properties such as color, intensity, and orientation contribute to bottom-up scene saliency (Itti & Koch, 2000, 2001; Koch & Ullman, 1985; Torralba, 2003), and the ways in which visual saliency influences where people look in a given scene (Bruce & Tsotsos, 2009; Koehler, Guo, Zhang, & Eckstein, 2014; Parkhurst, Law, & Niebur, 2002) . More recently, there has been a renewed interest in attempting to quantify the extent to which eye movements reflect top-down cognitive relevance asa function of scene viewing task. For instance, it has been shown that scene task can be predicted at abovechance levels from fixation number, fixation duration, and saccade amplitude distributions (Borji & Itti, 2014; Hender","cbCaimLjnfsSZ3Hp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimLjnfsSZ3Hp","pdf",4605817,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Background on scan patterns and gaze control\n## Individual differences and analysis challenges\n## Successor Representation Scanpath Analysis\n# Methods and Results\n## Quantifying associations with cognitive measures\n## Variance explained across cognitive domains\n# Discussion\n## Implications for gaze-control models\n## Future research directions","[{\"question\":\"What method does the study use to analyze scan patterns?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses Successor Representation Scanpath Analysis to quantify associations between scan-pattern variability and individual cognitive differences.\"},{\"question\":\"Which cognitive capacities are predicted by scan patterns?\",\"answer\":\"Scan patterns predict individual differences in viewer intelligence, working memory capacity, and speed of processing.\"},{\"question\":\"How much variance do scan-pattern differences explain?\",\"answer\":\"Scan-pattern differences explain more than 40% of variance in intelligence and working memory measures, and more than a third of variance in processing-speed measures.\"}]","Scan patterns during real-world scene viewing predict individual differences in cognitive capacity | PDF",43]