[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-416898-105":59,"doc-detail-416898-en":135},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":128,"head_meta":130,"extra_data":132,"updated_unix":134},105,"en","scaled-scores-advantages-and-calculation-method-new-jlpt","Scaled scores - Advantages and calculation method (new JLPT)","","Scaled scores introduced with the new JLPT use a common score scale to align test results with examinees’ Japanese-language proficiency in a fair way. The document explains why raw scores depend on exam difficulty and timing, and how scaled scores allow proficiency to be evaluated consistently using the same standard. It also outlines the calculation approach based on Item Response Theory (IRT), describing answering patterns, a score range per section, and implications for identical or different outcomes despite similar correct answers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":127},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/scaled-scores-advantages-and-calculation-method-new-jlpt/416898/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/scaled-scores-advantages-and-calculation-method-new-jlpt/416898.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119,123],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why were scaled scores adopted in the new JLPT?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Scaled scores are based on a common scale so that test results correspond to examinees’ Japanese-language proficiency more fairly. They help measure proficiency using the same consistent standard regardless of when the test is taken.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do scaled scores differ from raw scores?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Raw scores depend on the number of correctly answered questions, so results vary with exam difficulty and timing. Scaled scores are calculated statistically using Item Response Theory (IRT) to evaluate proficiency independently from exam difficulty.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How are scaled scores calculated and what role do answering patterns play?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Scaled scores are determined mathematically from how examinees answer specific questions correctly or incorrectly, modeled as answering patterns. These patterns position proficiency on a scale (e.g., 0–60 per section), and different patterns can sometimes map to the same scaled score.",{"name":124,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":125},"How are passing points set for the new JLPT?",{"text":126,"@type":114},"Passing standards are derived from statistical analysis to match the old test’s design. Levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the old test correspond to N1, N2, N4, and N5 in the new test, while N3 is set between the old Levels 2 and 3 standards.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":129,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":131,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":133,"site_id":62},416898,1791234503,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":136},{"doc_id":133,"user_id":137,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Scaled scores  \n“Scaled scores” that have been adopted starting with the new JLPT are based on a common scale in order to make test results (scores) correspond to examinees’ Japanese-language proficiency in a more fair manner. Scaled scores enable measurement of Japanese-language proficiency based on the same consistent standard regardless of when the test is taken. The advantages and calculation method of scaled scores are summarized below.  \n【Advantages of scaled scores】  \nPerfectly maintaining the level of difficulty of questions among different tests is extremely difficult even if thorough analysis and discussion by experts are conducted during the question design phase. With raw scores, which are obtained simply by adding the allocated points of correctly answered questions, test scores are dependent on the difficulty of exams. When exam timing and difficulty of exam questions differ, test scores will vary for examinees with the same Japanese-language proficiency. Since examinees’ Japanese-language proficiency as expressed in raw scores is affected by the difficulty of exams, it is necessary to consider the possibility that raw scores do not appropriately reflect actual Japanese-language proficiency.  \nOn the other hand, scaled scores adopted in the new JLPT hold great benefit for proficiency measurement methodology – “the ability to evaluate Japanese-language proficiency independently from exam difficulty and quantify it based on a standard scale.” This characteristic allows examinees with the same Japanese-language proficiency to receive the same scores regardless of when they take the test. The introduction of scaled scores also allows the “difference in scaled scores” calculated for two different tests to be interpreted separately from exam difficulty as the “difference in Japanese-language proficiency” as long as exams are for the same level and scores are for the same scoring sections.  \n【Calculation method of scaled scores】  \nCalculation of test scores not affected by the difficulty of exams (scaled scores) is based on a statistical test theory called Item Response Theory (IRT) . This is completely different from calculation of raw test scores based on the number of correct answers.  \nScaled scores are determined mathematically based on “answering patterns” of how examinees answer particular questions (correctly or incorrectly) . For example, a test consisting of 10 questions (items) has a maximum of 1024 answering patterns (210 patterns) . For the scaled-score calculation process for the new test, based on these answering patterns, Japanese-language proficiency of examinees is positioned on a scale between 0 and 60 points for one scoring section (0-120 points for Language Knowledge [Vocabulary/Grammar] ・ Reading for N4 and N5) . Because the maximum 1024 answering patterns of a test consisting of 10 questions (actual exams have more questions) are categorized into 61 groups, scaled scores sometimes become identical for different answering patterns. Therefore, scaled scores can be identical for two examinees even when the number of questions they correctly answer or their answering pattern does not  \nmatch. On the other hand, scaled scores may not be identical even though the number of correctly answered questions is the same when answering patterns are different.  \nFor more details on the calculation method of scaled scores, please refer to the following references.  \n【References】  \nIkeda, H. (1994) Gendai Tesuto Riron [Modern Testing Theory] . Tokyo: Asakura Publishing.  \nToyoda, H. (2002) Komoku Hanno Riron Nyumon-hen – Tesuto to Sokutei no Kagaku [Item Response Theory Introduction – Test and Measurement Science], Tokyo: Asakura Publishing.  \nWatanabe, N. & Noguchi, H. (eds.) (1999) Soshiki Shinrigaku Sokuteiron – Komoku Hanno Riron no Furontia [Organizational Psychology Measurement Theory – Frontier of Item Response Theory], Tokyo: Hakuto-Shobo Publishing Company.  \nSetting passing points  \nThe passing standard ","cbCaifGqyPYN0rsG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifGqyPYN0rsG","pdf",227674,"English","# Advantages of scaled scores\n# Calculation method of scaled scores\n## Item Response Theory (IRT)\n## Scoring range and answering patterns\n# Setting passing points","[{\"question\":\"Why were scaled scores adopted in the new JLPT?\",\"answer\":\"Scaled scores are based on a common scale so that test results correspond to examinees’ Japanese-language proficiency more fairly. They help measure proficiency using the same consistent standard regardless of when the test is taken.\"},{\"question\":\"How do scaled scores differ from raw scores?\",\"answer\":\"Raw scores depend on the number of correctly answered questions, so results vary with exam difficulty and timing. Scaled scores are calculated statistically using Item Response Theory (IRT) to evaluate proficiency independently from exam difficulty.\"},{\"question\":\"How are scaled scores calculated and what role do answering patterns play?\",\"answer\":\"Scaled scores are determined mathematically from how examinees answer specific questions correctly or incorrectly, modeled as answering patterns. These patterns position proficiency on a scale (e.g., 0–60 per section), and different patterns can sometimes map to the same scaled score.\"},{\"question\":\"How are passing points set for the new JLPT?\",\"answer\":\"Passing standards are derived from statistical analysis to match the old test’s design. Levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the old test correspond to N1, N2, N4, and N5 in the new test, while N3 is set between the old Levels 2 and 3 standards.\"}]","Scaled scores - Advantages and calculation method (new JLPT) | PDF",1790607161]