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This review evaluates the safety and efficacy of mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 using clinical trial evidence and real-world observations. It summarizes effectiveness across preschool, school-aged children, and adolescents, key adverse effects, and guidance for monitoring rare cardiac complications. It concludes that mRNA vaccines are generally safe and effective at reducing severe disease and hospitalization in children and adolescents.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sars-cov-2-vaccines-in-children-and-adolescents-can-immunization-prevent-hospitalization/436837/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sars-cov-2-vaccines-in-children-and-adolescents-can-immunization-prevent-hospitalization/436837.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bintang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are vaccines urgently needed for children and adolescents?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe diseases in children, such as encephalitis, which may require intensive care. Vaccination is therefore needed to prevent severe disease across age groups.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which mRNA vaccines are reviewed, and what overall effectiveness is reported?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review covers BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. Both are described as effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in school-aged children and adolescents, and mRNA-1273 is also noted as effective in preschool children.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the common side effects and what rare cardiac events are mentioned?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Common side effects include injection-site pain, fatigue, and headache. Myocarditis and pericarditis are described as uncommon, and monitoring post-vaccination troponin levels is suggested to help prevent severe cardiac events.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},436837,1790814654,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","J Chin MedAssoc  \nReview ARticle  \nSARS-CoV-2 vaccines in children and adolescents: Can immunization prevent hospitalization?  \nKung-Hao Lianga,b,c, Kai-Feng Hunga, Mong-Lien Wangb,d, Tai-Jay Change,f, Yen-Fu Chenga, Su-Hua Chianga, Mei-Fang Chena, Yi-Ting Liaoa, Shih-Hwa Chioua, De-Ming Yanga,g,h,*  \naDepartment of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; bInstitute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; cInstitute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; dLaboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; eLaboratory of Genome Research, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; fSchool of Biomedical science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; gMicroscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; hInstitute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC  \nAbstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants of concern can infect people of all ages and can cause severe diseases in children, such as encephalitis, which require intensive care. Therefore, vaccines are urgently required to prevent severe disease in all age groups. We reviewed the safety and efficacy profiles of mRNA vaccines—BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273—demonstrated by clinical trials or observed in the real world. mRNA-1273 is effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in preschool children (6 months-6 years old) . Both BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in school-aged children and adolescents, thereby preventing post-coronavirus disease (COVID) conditions. The common side effects of vaccination are pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. Myocarditis and pericarditis are uncommon. Monitoring post-vaccination troponin levels may help prevent severe cardiac events. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus mutates its genome to overcome the herd immunity provided by mass vaccinations; therefore, we may need to develop new generations of vaccines, such as those using viral nucleocapsid proteins as antigens. In conclusion, the mRNA vaccines are generally safe and effective in preventing severe diseases and hospitalization among children and adolescents.  \nKeywords: Adolescents; Child; COVID-19; Immunization; Pediatrics; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nSince late 2019, a new coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has swept the globe in less than a year.1 This infectious disease is coined as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the world health organization. Countries from various continents were indiscriminately affected by this pandemic, causing multifaceted problems such as medical system failure, disruption of the global supply chain, and global economic recession.2,3 Many cities were repeatedly  \n*Address correspondence. Dr De-Ming Yang, Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail [address: dmyang@vghtpe.gov.tw](address: dmyang@vghtpe.gov.tw) (D-.M. Yang).  \nConflicts of interest: Dr Shih-Hwa Chiou, an editorial board member at Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, had no role in the peer review process of or decision to publish this article. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.  \nJournal of Chinese Medical Association. (2022) 85: 891-895.  \nReceived May 10, 2022; accepted June 9, 2022.  \ndoi: 10.","cbCaie3gcO3hdEi4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie3gcO3hdEi4","pdf",1345357,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why are vaccines urgently needed for children and adolescents?\",\"answer\":\"SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe diseases in children, such as encephalitis, which may require intensive care. Vaccination is therefore needed to prevent severe disease across age groups.\"},{\"question\":\"Which mRNA vaccines are reviewed, and what overall effectiveness is reported?\",\"answer\":\"The review covers BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. Both are described as effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in school-aged children and adolescents, and mRNA-1273 is also noted as effective in preschool children.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the common side effects and what rare cardiac events are mentioned?\",\"answer\":\"Common side effects include injection-site pain, fatigue, and headache. Myocarditis and pericarditis are described as uncommon, and monitoring post-vaccination troponin levels is suggested to help prevent severe cardiac events.\"}]","SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in children and adolescents - Can immunization prevent hospitalization? | PDF",1790679199,13]