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The material explains differences between acronyms and initialisms, gives guidance on first-use expansion with the abbreviated form in parentheses, and covers general writing conventions. Included instructions address plural formation, usage of a/an with acronyms and initialisms, and capitalization rules, including cases where accepted acronyms become common nouns.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sand2002-2019-acronyms-initialisms-and-abbreviations-updated-list-for-sandia/201967/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sand2002-2019-acronyms-initialisms-and-abbreviations-updated-list-for-sandia/201967.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dipper","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the purpose of this document?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It provides an updated list of common acronyms, initialisms, and abbreviations used at Sandia, along with usage guidance for readers and authors.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the document distinguish an acronym from an initialism?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"An acronym is pronounced as a word, while an initialism is pronounced as separate letters.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What should be done when using an acronym or initialism for the first time?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Write the full expanded phrase followed by the abbreviated form in parentheses; in a short report, one expanded version is sufficient.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},201967,1788540499,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374404997633,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","SAND REPORT  \nSAND2002-2019  \nUnlimited Release  \nPrinted July 2002  \nAcronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations  \nDebbie Johnson, Compiler  \nPrepared by  \nSandia National Laboratories  \nAlbuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550  \nSandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 .  \nApproved for public release; further dissemination unlimited.  \nIssued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation.  \nNOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors.  \nPrinted in the United States of America. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy.  \nAvailable to DOE and DOE contractors from  \nU.S. Department of Energy  \nOffice of Scientific and Technical Information  \nP.O. Box 62  \nOak Ridge, TN 37831  \nTelephone: (865)576-8401  \nFacsimile: (865)576-5728  \nE-Mail: [reports@adonis.osti.gov](reports@adonis.osti.gov)  \nOnline ordering: [http://www.doe.gov/bridge](http://www.doe.gov/bridge)  \nAvailable to the public from  \nU.S. Department of Commerce  \nNational Technical Information Service  \n5285 Port Royal Rd  \nSpringfield, VA 22161  \nTelephone: (800)553-6847  \nFacsimile: (703)605-6900  \nE-Mail:  [orders@ntis.fedworld.gov](orders@ntis.fedworld.gov)  \nOnline order: [http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm](http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm)  \nSAND2002-2019  \nUnlimited Release  \nJuly 2002  \nSupersedes SAND89-0217  \nPrinted April 1995  \nAcronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations  \nDebbie Johnson, Compiler  \nCreative Arts Department  \nSandia National Laboratories  \nPO Box 5800  \nAlbuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0619  \nAbstract  \nThis document contains an updated list of common acronyms, initialisms, and abbreviations used at Sandia. It will be published in an electronic format only. It can be retrieved from  \n[HTTPS://wfsprod01.sandia.gov/groups/srn-uscitizens/documents/document/wfs048643.pdf](HTTPS://wfsprod01.sandia.gov/groups/srn-uscitizens/documents/document/wfs048643.pdf)  \nClick on the “find” button  in the Adobe Acrobat toolbar to search for a word or acronym. An alphabetical index is available in the Bookmarks screen to expedite searches.  \nIf readers of this document want to add an unclassified acronym or correct an existing one, please send an email [to](to CreativeArts@sandia.gov. All)[ ](to CreativeArts@sandia.gov. All)[CreativeArts@sandia.gov](to CreativeArts@sandia.gov. All)[. All](to CreativeArts@sandia.gov. All) changes will be reviewed by Classification prior to publication of a new version.  \nAn acronym is a combination of letters that can be pronounced as a word. An initialism is an unpronounceable combination of letters.  \nGeneral Avoid overwhelming your reader with acronyms and initialisms.  \nAn acronym is an abbreviation that is formed by combining the first letter or letters of several words. Acronyms are pronounced as words. Examples include:  \nmodem = modulator and demod","cbCaijG5O3kDOypf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijG5O3kDOypf","pdf",513273,171,"English","# Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations\n## Abstract\n## Definitions and Usage Guidance\n## General Writing Rules (Plurals, a/an, Capitalization)\n## List of Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of this document?\",\"answer\":\"It provides an updated list of common acronyms, initialisms, and abbreviations used at Sandia, along with usage guidance for readers and authors.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document distinguish an acronym from an initialism?\",\"answer\":\"An acronym is pronounced as a word, while an initialism is pronounced as separate letters.\"},{\"question\":\"What should be done when using an acronym or initialism for the first time?\",\"answer\":\"Write the full expanded phrase followed by the abbreviated form in parentheses; in a short report, one expanded version is sufficient.\"}]","SAND2002-2019 - Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations - Updated list for Sandia | PDF",431]