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It discusses his role in ending the schism and restoring Islamic orthodoxy, then traces his background in the Ayyubid context, the political division of the caliphates, and early events involving Nûr-ed-Din, Shawer, and Dargham. The workbook includes a sequence of questions testing recall of names, locations, and rulers, including caliphates at Cairo and Baghdad and key figures tied to the Egypt campaign.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/saladin-biography-workbook-series-questions/611647/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/saladin-biography-workbook-series-questions/611647.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"awa","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What name was Saladin born with?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Saladin’s birth name is Yûssuf ibn Ayûb (Joseph the son of Job).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which caliphate reigned at Cairo (in modern Egypt)?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The Fatimid line reigned at Cairo.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Who appealed to Nûr-ed-Din for assistance, and what was the context?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Shawer appealed to Nûr-ed-Din, offering reward and seeking help against his rival, Dargham.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},611647,1792611718,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},3985747858093,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Saladin  \nBiography Workbook Series  \nSALADIN (1137-1192)  \nThere are two great names in the tangled and somewhat tedious story of Islam which stand out, deathless, from the crowd of sultans, viziers, and Muslim conquerors—the names of Haroun al Raschid and Saladin. The former has become the accepted type of a good and just despot. The latter is the Bayard 1 of his religion, the knight and captain, king and magistrate, sans peur et sans reproche2, whose enemies respected and trusted him as much as his own people loved him.  \nSaladin’s conquest of Jerusalem and overthrow of the Christian kingdom were but episodes, and from his point of view, not the most important episodes in his thirty years of war and victory. The History of Egypt, the History of Syria, the History of the Islamic faith, contain more pages filled with the achievements of Saladin than even the History of the Crusades. Everyone has read of the Battle of Hattin 3. But of the healing of the great schism and  \n1 Bayard is a mythical horse known for his spirit.  \n2 The French phrase sans peur et sans reproche translates into English as “without fear and without reproach.”  \n3 The Battle of Hattin took place on July 4, 1187. It pitted the Ayyubids, under Saladin, against the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Templar, Order of Saint Lazarus, and Principality of Antioch.  \nthe restoration of Egypt to orthodoxy—a step thought to be impossible and of the highest importance to Islam—very few know anything. Let us endeavor to present the history of this great man with some attempt to show the true proportions of his achievements in the eyes of the East, if not the West.  \nYûssuf ibn Ayûb—Joseph the son of Job—was by descent a Kurd. His father was a retainer or follower of the celebrated Nûr-ed-Din (Light of Religion), Sultan of Syria. Nûr-edDin was the prince who, after many years of humiliation, recovered some of the lost prestige of the Islamic name, wrested many of their outlying strongholds from the Christians, and prepared the way for his more illustrious successor.  \n1. Saladin was born with what name?  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\n2. Saladin was born a    \na. Babylonian  \nb. Kurd  \nc. Palestinian  \nd. Syrian  \n[www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com](www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com)  \nThe caliphate was then divided into the Fatimid line, which reigned at Cairo, and the Abbasid, which reigned at Baghdad. Both branches had by this time fallen into a mere semblance of authority. The bitterness of theological differences survived. For the reestablishment of Islamic power, though, it was absolutely necessary that the schism should cease. Yet there seemed no likelihood whatever of any change.  \n3. What caliphate reigned at Cairo (in modern Egypt)?  \n4. What caliphate ruled at Baghdad (in modern Iraq)?  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\nThe weaker of the two, since the rise of Nûr-ed-Din, was undoubtedly the Egyptian house. The last of the Fatimid caliphs were mere tools in the hands of rival ministers, and passed their ignoble lives—Rois Fainéants4—in their luxurious palaces. Syria, which had been theirs, was lost to them, and occupied partly by Muslims of the rival sect, and partly by the  \n4 Rois Fainéants is a French term meaning “lazy kings.”  \nChristians. Their final fall, however, was caused by internal dissensions and the quarrels of two candidates for the post of Grand Vizier. Their names were Shawer and Dargham. The former, unable to contend against his rival, applied for assistance to Nûr-edDin, offering for reward a third of the Egyptian revenues.  \n5. Who appealed to Nûr-ed-Din, the Sultan of Syria, for assistance?  \n___________________________________  \n___________________________________  \nThe expedition which was sent in reply was the first chance of distinction which young Yûssuf (Saladin) had obtained. The army, commanded by his uncle Shirkoh, easily defeated Dargham and reinstated Shawer. Then followed the reluctance to keep the terms of the agreement which is so common in history","cbCaicYVTyaZZdej","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicYVTyaZZdej","pdf",534316,"English","# Questions\n## Early life and origins\n## Caliphates at Cairo and Baghdad\n## Fatimid decline and Egypt campaign\n## Crusader motives and Cairo’s capital","[{\"question\":\"What name was Saladin born with?\",\"answer\":\"Saladin’s birth name is Yûssuf ibn Ayûb (Joseph the son of Job).\"},{\"question\":\"Which caliphate reigned at Cairo (in modern Egypt)?\",\"answer\":\"The Fatimid line reigned at Cairo.\"},{\"question\":\"Who appealed to Nûr-ed-Din for assistance, and what was the context?\",\"answer\":\"Shawer appealed to Nûr-ed-Din, offering reward and seeking help against his rival, Dargham.\"}]","SALADIN - Biography Workbook Series - Questions | PDF",1792381711,25]