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The review synthesizes evidence on prevention approaches, including positive school climate, student mental and behavioral health supports, and evidence-based threat assessment programs requiring adequate funding. It evaluates limits of school resource officers for stopping shootings, links gun policy to mass-shooting frequency, and summarizes trends in school violence prevalence and disparities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/safe-school-environments-research-policy-and-investments-in-colorado/583840/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/safe-school-environments-research-policy-and-investments-in-colorado/583840.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the brief focus on regarding school safety?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It defines school safety broadly as freedom from physical, emotional, and psychological violence, but concentrates specifically on preventing bodily harm in school settings.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which prevention strategies does the research review emphasize?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review highlights positive school climates, supports for students’ mental and behavioral health, and evidence-based threat assessment programs that require funding and implementation support.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Is there evidence that school resource officers prevent school shootings?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The brief states there is little evidence that school resource officers prevent school shootings and notes evidence they can worsen racial disparities in school discipline and educational attainment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},583840,1792074763,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","SAFE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS: RESEARCH, POLICY, AND INVESTMENTS IN COLORADO  \nSchools should be safe places for young people, educators, school staff, and community members, and policies and practices can help create learning environments where kids thrive. Gun violence in U.S. schools has prompted calls for increased school safety measures; however, which policies contribute to safe school environments is often a topic of debate.  \nHow can schools create safe environments while also fostering welcoming, equitable school climates that support growth, learning, and community? To help Colorado policymakers and school communities answer this question, the Colorado Children’s Campaign has identified and compiled research on strategies that are supported by strong evidence.  \nWhile school safety can be defined broadly as freedom from physical, emotional, and psychological violence, this brief focuses on promoting freedom from bodily harm in a school setting. Strategies that support students’well-being and prevent bullying, fighting, the use of weapons, and other types of violence can contribute to reducing harm.  \nOur review of the research suggests that:  \n• Prevention strategies such as establishing positive school climates, supporting young people’s mental and behavioral health, and introducing particular evidence-based threat assessment programs can effectively address violence within schools – and implementing these programs well requires funding and support.  \n• While school resource officers can play a role in reducing some types of violence, there is little evidence that they prevent school shootings. There is evidence that they can exacerbate racial disparities in school discipline and educational attainment.  \n• Though research on preventing school shootings is limited, gun policy plays a clear role in the frequency of mass shootings nationwide. There are evidence-based strategies that can reduce the risk for gun violence in schools.  \nIn recent years, Colorado policymakers and school communities have taken steps to prevent school violence – but we must continue work to create safer schools and communities by advancing evidence-based policies and programs.  \nHOW COMMON IS VIOLENCE IN SCHOOLS?  \nMany types of school violence have decreased over the last few decades. Instances of in-school theft and criminal victimization (rape, sexual assault, aggravated assault, and simple assault) have fallen substantially since 2009.1 The National Center on Education Statistics credits these reductions to changes in school procedures and potentially to disruptions of in-person school during the pandemic.  \nHowever, school shootings have become more common over time. According to a database compiled by The Washington Post, nearly 350,000 students nationwide in 376 schools have experienced gun violence in schools since the Columbine High School shooting in 1999. There were 46 school shootings in 2022 – more than in any previous year.2 Reports of shootings in and around schools tripled between the 2018-19 and 2021-22 school years, and the number of guns seized in schools in the 2022-23 school year was 40% higher than the previous school year and 80% higher than pre-pandemic.3 The Washington Post found that Black and Hispanic children are disproportionately likely to experience gun violence in schools.  \nWHICH PREVENTION STRATEGIES ARE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING VIOLENCE IN SCHOOLS?  \nA large body of research identifies risk and protective factors associated with youth violence in schools. • Students who experience risk factors like high emotional stress, exposure to violence, low parental attachment and monitoring, and social rejection from their peers are at higher risk of engaging in violent behavior, as are those who use drugs and alcohol.4 Family connectedness, motivation around school performance, exposure to healthy school climates, and a positive social orientation at school are protective factors that help prevent young people from engaging","cbCaila99IZzCFKL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaila99IZzCFKL","pdf",1268044,"English","# How common is violence in schools?\n## Which prevention strategies are effective in reducing violence in schools? \n## Prevention strategy evidence overview","[{\"question\":\"What does the brief focus on regarding school safety?\",\"answer\":\"It defines school safety broadly as freedom from physical, emotional, and psychological violence, but concentrates specifically on preventing bodily harm in school settings.\"},{\"question\":\"Which prevention strategies does the research review emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights positive school climates, supports for students’ mental and behavioral health, and evidence-based threat assessment programs that require funding and implementation support.\"},{\"question\":\"Is there evidence that school resource officers prevent school shootings?\",\"answer\":\"The brief states there is little evidence that school resource officers prevent school shootings and notes evidence they can worsen racial disparities in school discipline and educational attainment.\"}]","SAFE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS - RESEARCH, POLICY, AND INVESTMENTS IN COLORADO | PDF",1792048692]