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Apart from any use permitted in accordance with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886), and except in the circumstances described below, no part may be translated, reproduced by any process, adapted, communicated or commercially exploited without prior written permission from the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) . Copyright in some of the material in this publication may be owned by another party and permission for the translation and/or reproduction of that material must be obtained from the owner. |\n| This document or partial material from this document may be translated, reproduced or distributed for general information, on no more than a cost recovery basis. Copies may not be sold or distributed for profit or gain without prior written agreement of the IHO and any other copyright holders. |\n| In the event that this document or partial material from this document is reproduced, translated or distributed under the terms described above, the following statements are to be included: |\n| “Material from IHO publication [reference to extract: Title, Edition] is reproduced with the permission of the Secretariat of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)(Permission No  / ) acting for the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), which does not accept responsibility for the correctness of the material as reproduced: in case of doubt, the IHO’s authentic text shall prevail. The incorporation of material sourced from IHO shall not be construed as constituting an endorsement by IHO of this product.” |\n| “This [document/publication] is a translation of IHO [document/publication] [name] . The IHO has not checked this translation and therefore takes no responsibility for its accuracy. In case of doubt the source version of [name] in [language] should be consulted.”\u003Cbr>The IHO Logo or other identifiers shall not be used in any derived product without prior written permission from the IHO. |\n\nCONTENTS  \nPREFACE ......................................................................................................................................... v  \n[INTRODUCTION](INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................ vi)[................................................................................................................................ vi](INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................ vi)  \n[GLOSSARY](GLOSSARY ...............................)[ ...............................](GLOSSARY ...............................)..................................................................................................... viii  \nCHAPTER 1 CLASSIFICATION OF SAFETY OF NAVIGATION SURVEYS............................................ 1  \nCHAPTER 2 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL POSITIONING ................................................................ 3  \nCHAPTER 3 DEPTH, BATHYMETRIC COVERAGE, FEATURES, AND NATURE OF THE BOTTOM ....... 5  \nCHAPTER 4 WATER LEVELS AND FLOW ......................................................................................... 11  \nCHAPTER 5 SURVEYS ABOVE THE VERTICAL DATUM .................................................................... 13  \nCHAPTER 6 METADATA................................................................................................................... 15  \nCHAPTER 7 TABLES AND SPECIFICATI","cbCaitQKQTiFkb2I","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitQKQTiFkb2I","pdf",2333904,52,"English","# Preface\n# Introduction\n## Glossary\n# Chapter 1 Classification of Safety of Navigation Surveys\n# Chapter 2 Horizontal and Vertical Positioning\n# Chapter 3 Depth, Bathymetric Coverage, Features, and Nature of the Bottom\n# Chapter 4 Water Levels and Flow\n# Chapter 5 Surveys Above the Vertical Datum\n# Chapter 6 Metadata\n# Chapter 7 Tables and Specification Matrix\n# Annex A Specification Matrix Guidance\n# Annex B Guidelines for Quality Management\n# Annex C Guidance for A Priori and A Posteriori Quality Control\n# Annex D Gridded Bathymetry Considerations","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of Publication S-44 for hydrographic surveys?\",\"answer\":\"Publication S-44 defines the applicable standard for hydrographic surveys, intended to improve the safety of navigation and to support knowledge and protection of the marine environment.\"},{\"question\":\"When was the first edition of S-44 published, and how has it evolved?\",\"answer\":\"The 1st edition of S-44 was published in January 1968. 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