[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-46111-en":3,"doc-seo-46111-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},46111,2336464648746,"Skyler","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Russia’s Middle East Policy From Lenin to Putin","Russia’s Middle East Policy: From Lenin to Putin traces how Russia shaped and was shaped by relations with the Middle East from the 1917 Russian Revolution to the present. The narrative follows major turning points, including shifting ties with Egypt under Nasser, the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, evolving relations with Israel, and the enduring significance of Syria. Written by Alexey Vasiliev, it combines firsthand insider insight from policy formation with frank assessment and analysis of external actors’ impact.","I have known Vasiliev for decades and have had the pleasure of interacting with him on matters of concern to him and the wider world throughout that time. He remains Russia’s foremost intellectual authority on the Middle East and has combined this with sage insights on policy choices and in an advisory capacity. Vasiliev’s tremendous linguistic skills, his deep knowledge and his extensive network in the region has given him an unparalleled vantage point for scrutinising the process of change in the region, and the impact of external actors. This extraordinary book is the record of a lifetime of achievement and we are privileged to have him share his deep knowledge with the world through this Series.  \n–Anoush Ehteshami, Professor of International Relations and Director of the Institute for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at the University of Durham  \nRussia’s Middle East Policy  \nThis extraordinary book charts the development of Russia’s relations with the Middle East from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to the present. It covers both high and low points – the closeness to Nasser’s Egypt, followed by reversal; the successful invasion of Afghanistan which later turned into a disaster; the changing relationship with Israel which was at some time surprisingly close; the relationship with Syria, which continues to be of huge significance; and much more. Written by one of Russia’s leading Arabists who was himself involved in the formation and implementation of policy, the book is engagingly written, extremely insightful, telling us things which only the author is in a position to tell us, and remarkably frank, not sparing senior Soviet and Russian figures from criticism. The book includes material based on the author’s conversations with other leading participants.  \nAlexey Vasiliev is a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Honorary President of the Academy’s Institute for African Studies. He has been a close observer of and active participant in the Soviet Union’s and Russia’s relations with the Middle East for several decades.  \nDurham Modern Middle East and Islamic World Series  \nSeries Editor: Anoushiravan Ehteshami University of Durham  \n39 Moroccan Foreign Policy under Mohammed VI, 1999–2014  \nIrene Fernández Molina  \n40 Lebanon and the Arab Uprisings  \nIn the Eye of the Hurricane  \nEdited by Maximilian Felsch and Martin Wählisch  \n41 The Erasure of Arab Political Identity  \nColonialism and Violence  \nSalam Hawa  \n42 China’s Presence in the Middle East  \nThe Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative  \nEdited by Anoushiravan Ehteshami andNiv Horesh  \n43 Afghanistan – Challenges and Prospects  \nEdited by Srinjoy Bose, Nishank Motwani and William Maley  \n44 Nuclear Politics in Asia  \nEdited by Marzieh Kouhi Esfahani andAriabarzan Mohammadi  \n45 Transition in Afghanistan  \nHope, Despair and the Limits of Statebuilding  \nWilliam Maley  \n46 Russia’s Middle East Policy  \nFrom Lenin to Putin  \nAlexey Vasiliev  \nFor a full list of available [titles please visit: www.routledge.com/Durham-Modern](titles please visit: www.routledge.com/Durham-Modern)Middle-East-and-Islamic-World-Series/book-series/SE0526  \nRussia’s Middle East Policy  \nFrom Lenin to Putin  \nAlexey Vasiliev  \nFirst published 2018  \nby Routledge  \n2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RNand by Routledge  \n711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017  \nRoutledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 Alexey Vasiliev  \nThe right of Alexey Vasiliev to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.  \nTr","cbCaijub69eALsLR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijub69eALsLR","pdf",2094240,6,1,554,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Sources of Messianism and pragmatism\n# The rise and fall of Nikita S. Khrushchev\n# Up the down staircase: the era of Leonid Brezhnev\n# “Ardent revolutionaries, loyal friends”; the USSR and the Communist movement\n# An exotic flower of Arabia\n# Through the looking glass, or the decision-making process","[{\"question\":\"What time span does the book cover regarding Russia’s Middle East relations?\",\"answer\":\"It tracks developments from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to the present.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major Middle East episodes are highlighted in the book?\",\"answer\":\"Key episodes include Russia’s closeness and later reversal with Nasser’s Egypt, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, changing ties with Israel, and the continuing importance of Syria.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the author considered especially positioned to explain Russia’s policy choices?\",\"answer\":\"Alexey Vasiliev combines deep regional knowledge, strong linguistic skills, and an extensive network, drawing on conversations with leading participants and his involvement in policy formation and implementation.\"}]",1783470868,1396,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"russias-middle-east-policy-from-lenin-to-putin","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/russias-middle-east-policy-from-lenin-to-putin/46111/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-20","2026-07-08",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What time span does the book cover regarding Russia’s Middle East relations?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It tracks developments from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to the present.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Which major Middle East episodes are highlighted in the book?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Key episodes include Russia’s closeness and later reversal with Nasser’s Egypt, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, changing ties with Israel, and the continuing importance of Syria.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Why is the author considered especially positioned to explain Russia’s policy choices?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Alexey Vasiliev combines deep regional knowledge, strong linguistic skills, and an extensive network, drawing on conversations with leading participants and his involvement in policy formation and implementation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]