[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-331071-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-331071-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","russian-formalism","Russian Formalism","","Russian Formalism, also known as East European Formalism, emerged in the 1920s in Moscow and St. Petersburg and later spread after early-1930s suppression to Czechoslovakia and the Prague Linguistic Circle. Its representatives emphasized the autonomous nature of literature, treating literature as a linguistic phenomenon rather than a reflection of an author’s life or a product of social and political forces. Central notions include literariness, deformation, and defamiliarization, focusing analysis on phonetic structures, rhythm, rhyme, meter, and other artistic devices.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/","Literature",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/russian-formalism/331071/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/russian-formalism/331071.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are the origins and key representatives of Russian Formalism?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Russian Formalism originated in Moscow and St. Petersburg in the 1920s, with leading figures including Boris Eichenbaum, Victor Shklovsky, and Roman Jakobson. After suppression in the early 1930s, study centered in Czechoslovakia, especially through the Prague Linguistic Circle.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does Russian Formalism define 'literariness'?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Literariness concerns what makes a text literary through formal devices rather than the writer’s personality or biographical context. It focuses on elements such as phonetic structure, rhythm, rhyme, meter, and deviations in language.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is defamiliarization in this tradition?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Defamiliarization is the artistic process of making familiar things strange by disrupting ordinary linguistic discourse. It renews perception and counters automatization, aiming to shift experience from practical automatic response to an artistic mode of sensation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},331071,1790579574,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,91,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":26,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":96,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":111},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","Russian Formalism  \n• Russian Formalism or East European Formalism is a school of literary criticism and literary theory that originated in Moscow (Moscow Linguistic Circle) and St. Petersburg (Opojaz) in the 1920s. Among the leading representatives of the movement were Boris Eichenbaum, Victor Shklovsky, and Roman Jakobson.  \n• When this critical mode was suppressed by the Soviet Union in the early 1930s, the center of the formalist study of literature moved to Czechoslovakia, where it was continued especially by members of the Prague Linguistic Circle, which included Roman Jakobson, Jan Mukarovsky, and René Wellek. A comprehensive and influential formalist essay is Roman Jakobson’s “Linguistics and Poetics,” included in his Language in Literature (1987) . Russian Formalists emphasized the autonomous nature of literature, and insisted that the proper study of literature lay neither in a reflection of the life of its author nor in the historical or cultural milieu in which it was created. They believed that literature was essentially a linguistic phenomenon, and placed literature at the centre, relegating all related matters to the margin.  \n• They gave importance to the role of the metaphor and other linguistic devices. It is in this sense that Russian Formalism can be seen as a forerunner to Structuralism. At first, opponents of the movement applied the term “formalism” derogatorily, because of its focus on the formal patterns and technical devices of literature to the exclusion of its subject matter and social values; later, however, it became a neutral designation.  \nLiterariness  \n• According to the Formalists human content in literature did not possess any significance in defining what was ‘literary’ about the text. The formalists collapse the distinction between form and content. They deliberately neglected the historical, sociological, biographical or psychological dimension of literary discourse; the writer was of negligible importance too. Explanations which base their arguments on the spirit, intuition, imagination or genius of the poet were rejected. They propagated an intrinsic approach which regards a work of art as an independent entity.  \n• A work of literature is related to all literature in general, and not to its author or his personality. There is only poetry and literature, there are no poets or literary figures. The object of literary science is ‘an authorless literariness.’ All the emphasis is on the‘literariness’ of the formal devices of a text such as phonetic structures, rhythm, rhyme, meter and other elements which contribute to deviations in language. Victor Shklovsky summarises this attitude in his definition of literature as “the sum total of all the stylistic devices employed in it.” He refuted the idea that literature is a social or political product. Instead, literature is a personal expression of an author’s world vision expressed by  \nmeans of images and symbols. Art is a sum of literary and artistic devices that the artist manipulates to craft his work.  \n• Formalism views literature primarily as a specialized mode of language, and proposes a fundamental opposition between the literary (or poetical) use of language and the ordinary, “practical” use of language. The central function of ordinary language is to communicate a message or information, by references to the world existing outside of language. In contrast, literary language is self-focused; its function is not to convey information by making extrinsic references, but to offer the reader a special mode of experience by drawing attention to its own “formal” features—that is, to the qualities and internal relations of the linguistic signs themselves that formalists call ‘literariness’. As Roman Jakobson wrote in 1921: “The object of study in literary science is not literature but ‘literariness’ that is, what makes a given work a literary work.” And literariness is tobe studied by focusing on the artistic devices used in the work. Russia","cbCaiv3FIXtxZJfY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv3FIXtxZJfY","pdf",274729,"English","# Russian Formalism\n## Defining the movement\n## Literariness\n## Defamiliarization","[{\"question\":\"What are the origins and key representatives of Russian Formalism?\",\"answer\":\"Russian Formalism originated in Moscow and St. Petersburg in the 1920s, with leading figures including Boris Eichenbaum, Victor Shklovsky, and Roman Jakobson. After suppression in the early 1930s, study centered in Czechoslovakia, especially through the Prague Linguistic Circle.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Russian Formalism define 'literariness'?\",\"answer\":\"Literariness concerns what makes a text literary through formal devices rather than the writer’s personality or biographical context. It focuses on elements such as phonetic structure, rhythm, rhyme, meter, and deviations in language.\"},{\"question\":\"What is defamiliarization in this tradition?\",\"answer\":\"Defamiliarization is the artistic process of making familiar things strange by disrupting ordinary linguistic discourse. It renews perception and counters automatization, aiming to shift experience from practical automatic response to an artistic mode of sensation.\"}]","Russian Formalism | PDF",1789991584]