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Using measures including PCS, RRS, and VAS, results show significant associations: higher catastrophism and rumination correspond to greater pain perception, supporting tailored psychological interventions to improve recovery and 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catastrophism and pain in injured athletes  \nVerónica Gómez-Espejo1, Aurelio Olmedilla1􀀍, Alejandro García-Mas2, Enrique Ortega-Toro3, Iván Sánchez-Iglesias4 & Victor J. Rubio5  \nPain associated to injuries is a complex experience that combine both objective and-subjective elements and which strongly affects rehabilitation outcomes of sport injuries. It may affect directly (e.g., reducing range and strength of the movements involved in the physical therapy), or indirectly (e.g., decreasing adherence, reducing psychological readiness). Cognitive factors such as rumination and catastrophic thinking may affect the perception of pain and play a role in athletes management of pain during this journey. This study is aimed at longitudinally examine the predictive role of ruminative and catastrophism thinking in the perception of pain among injured athletes. A total of 22 injured male soccer players were recruited (Mean age = 20.3 years old; SD = .991). The assessment instruments used were ad hoc questionnaire of personal and sports-related variables; a questionnaire of current injury and sports injury history; the Pain Catastrophism Scale (PCS); the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS); and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of Pain. The results showed a significant relationship between catastrophism, ruminative responses, and the perception of pain in injured athletes. Athletes with higher levels of catastrophism and rumination consistently reported a greater perception of pain. These results highlight the importance of targeted and tailored personalized psychological interventions for pain management to improve the rehabilitation process outcomes. Addressing individual coping strategies could improve recovery outcomes and support a more effective return-to-sport process.  \nKeywords Catastrophism, Rumination responses, Pain, Sports injury  \nAbbreviations  \nSI Sport injury  \nSD Standard deviation  \nANOVA Analysis of variance VAS Visual analogue scale  \nSustaining a sport injury (SI) is as multifaceted event in which the athlete plays an active role, potentially facilitating or hindering their recovery and return to sport1,2. The rehabilitation process demands time, effort and dedication3–5, involving cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes6,7 that impact athletes’ rehabilitation outcomes8. The psychological readiness playing a crucial role not only in a successful return to sport but also in the prevention of future injuries9, 10.  \nIn the context of SI rehabilitation, pain can pose a substantial threat to proper adaptation, effective rehabilitation, and successful return to sport11–13. Moreover, pain extensively contributes to the general athlete’s quality of life and wellbeing14, 15. having significant physical, psychological, and emotional effects on almost every aspect of recovery16, 17.  \nDifferent theoretical models aim to explain the interplay between biological, psychological and social factors in pain experience18 and how coping strategies may affect the pain experience19. Catastrophizing is one of these cognitive appraisals that affect the intensity, course and experience of pain20. Catastrophizing is defined as “an exaggerated negative “mental set” brought to bear during actual or anticipated pain experience”21. Catastrophizers tend to intensify their pain sensations and amplify the perceived threats supposedly associated to them22,23. Catastrophizing comprises: magnification and rumination, the affective components, and helplessness, the evaluative component24, with rumination itself considered a maladaptive form of self-reflection25.  \n1Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment. Campus Regional Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain. 2Department of Psychology, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. 3Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Scie","cbCaijyon5wzl3HV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijyon5wzl3HV","pdf",1337654,"English","# Introduction\n## Psychological factors in pain experience\n## Catastrophizing and rumination in relation to pain\n# Methods and Measures\n# Results\n# Implications for Rehabilitation","[{\"question\":\"What does the study investigate about injured athletes?\",\"answer\":\"It examines whether ruminative and catastrophistic thinking can predict how injured athletes perceive pain over time.\"},{\"question\":\"Which tools were used to measure pain and cognitive processes?\",\"answer\":\"Pain perception was assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), while pain catastrophism and rumination were measured with the Pain Catastrophism Scale (PCS) and the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), alongside injury and personal/sport variables questionnaires.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings regarding catastrophism, rumination, and pain?\",\"answer\":\"Higher levels of catastrophism and rumination were significantly associated with a greater perception of pain in injured athletes, indicating a consistent relationship among these variables.\"}]","Rumination catastrophism and pain in injured athletes | PDF",1790654675]