[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-110320-en":3,"doc-seo-110320-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":89},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},110320,4810365810221,"Aurora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","RSF Assessment Letter - Rwanda - Assessment Letter","RSF Assessment Letter – Rwanda assesses key challenges driving climate vulnerability and resilience needs. It highlights Rwanda’s exposure to climate-induced disasters, including droughts, floods, and landslides, and quantifies socioeconomic impacts through employment, GDP, exports, and poverty-linked risk constraints. It also reviews Rwanda’s low contribution to global emissions and its emissions structure dominated by livestock, agriculture, and land use. Finally, it outlines policy commitments and priority adaptation interventions across water, agriculture, land and forestry, settlements, health, transport, and mining sectors.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nRSF ASSESSMENT LETTER – RWANDA  \nNovember 28, 2022  \n1. Country vulnerability to climate change including human, social and economic costs  \nRwanda is vulnerable to increasingly frequent climate-induced natural disasters as well as to rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns. The University of Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) Index, ranks Rwanda as 124th out of an 182 countries with respect to the country’s vulnerability to climate change and other global challenges as well as its readiness to improve resilience. 1 Rwanda’s vulnerability to climate change reflects the economy’s dependence on climate sensitive sectors such as nature-based tourism, rainfed agriculture, extractives, and other weather-sensitive industries, which in 2021 accounted for an estimated 65 percent of employment, 45 percent of GDP, and 40 percent of exports.2 The Rwanda Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR, 2022) estimates that Rwanda’s annual GDP during 2022–2050 could be between 0.6 and 2.6 percent lower on average, depending on the climate scenario, than in a baseline with no climate change, and that annual deviations could be 5.0–7.0 percent lower than the baseline in some years.3 Droughts have historically had the widest reach among natural disasters, affecting as much as 12 percent of the population.4 Rwanda also faces floods, landslides, and rainstorms. For example, the 2018 floods caused damage to physical assets valued at RWF 201 billion and economic losses of RWF 21 billion (2 .4 percent and 0.3 percent of GDP, respectively) .5 Nearly 52 percent of the Rwandan population lives below the international poverty line. Poor households and communities have little capacity to manage climate risks, including the health risks that are likely to increase with climate change.  \nRwanda contributes only 0.003% to global greenhouse gas emissions and emitted 5.34 MtCO2e in 2015.  \nRwanda’s per capita emissions are about 0.5 tCO2e, which is around one-fifth of the regional average and just one-twelfth of the world average. Rwanda also has a relatively low emissions intensity—around 0.6 tCO2e per 1000 2015 US$ GDP. Emissions from livestock dominate the emissions profile of Rwanda. Livestock, agriculture, and land use together account for 74% of total emissions. Energy, waste sector, and industrial processes and product use (IPPU) accounts for 18%, 8% and 1% of total emissions.6  \n1 GoR. 2019c. Rwanda Rapid Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) . Kigali: Republic of Rwanda as cited in World Bank Group. 2022. Rwanda Country Climate and Development Report. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank  \n2 World Bank Group, Rwanda Country Climate and Development Report, 2022. World Bank staff estimates using 2021 national accounts, employment, and balance of payments data from the Bank of Rwanda and the National Institute of Statistics Rwanda.  \n3 World Bank Group, Rwanda Country Climate and Development Report: Technical Annex, 2022. Climate scenarios incorporate expected changes in rainfall and temperature associated with RCPs 2 .6, 4 .5, and 8.5 (ensemble averages) and with wetter, hotter, and drier variants of RCP8 .5. Hot and dry conditions cause the largest losses.  \n4 According to the data from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), the 1996 drought affected 12 percent of the population.  \n5 Republic of Rwanda, Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management (MINEMA), Rwanda Rapid Post Disaster Needs Assessment Final Report, January 2019.  \n6 World Bank Group. 2022. Rwanda Country Climate and Development Report. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank  \n2. Government policies and commitments for climate change adaptation and priority areas to strengthen resilience  \nRwanda is integrating its efforts to address climate change with development goals given its a growing rural population, high incidence of poverty, lack of ","cbCaiijdFkTTdYyz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiijdFkTTdYyz","pdf",237822,1,4,"English","en",105,"# Country vulnerability to climate change\n## Economic and social cost drivers\n## Disaster risks and impacts\n# Rwanda emissions profile and sector sources\n# Policies and commitments for climate adaptation\n## Vision, strategies, and mainstreaming resilience\n## Priority areas and NDC adaptation interventions","[{\"question\":\"Why is Rwanda considered highly vulnerable to climate change?\",\"answer\":\"Rwanda faces more frequent climate-induced disasters and changing rainfall and temperature patterns. Its economy depends heavily on climate-sensitive sectors such as rainfed agriculture, nature-based tourism, and other weather-sensitive industries.\"},{\"question\":\"What natural disasters cause the widest impact in Rwanda?\",\"answer\":\"Droughts historically have the widest reach, affecting up to about 12% of the population based on available disaster event data. Rwanda also experiences floods, landslides, and rainstorms, with documented losses from events such as the 2018 floods.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Rwanda plan to strengthen resilience and what are its key adaptation priorities?\",\"answer\":\"Rwanda integrates climate action with development goals and has built a legal and policy framework to support resilience. Its updated NDC specifies priority adaptation interventions across sectors including water management, agriculture, land and forestry, human settlements, health, transport, and mining.\"}]",1784484871,10,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":27},"rsf-assessment-letter-rwanda-assessment-letter","",{"@graph":35,"@context":83},[36,52,66],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/rsf-assessment-letter-rwanda-assessment-letter/110320/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":40,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"Why is Rwanda considered highly vulnerable to climate change?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"Rwanda faces more frequent climate-induced disasters and changing rainfall and temperature patterns. Its economy depends heavily on climate-sensitive sectors such as rainfed agriculture, nature-based tourism, and other weather-sensitive industries.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"What natural disasters cause the widest impact in Rwanda?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"Droughts historically have the widest reach, affecting up to about 12% of the population based on available disaster event data. Rwanda also experiences floods, landslides, and rainstorms, with documented losses from events such as the 2018 floods.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"How does Rwanda plan to strengthen resilience and what are its key adaptation priorities?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"Rwanda integrates climate action with development goals and has built a legal and policy framework to support resilience. Its updated NDC specifies priority adaptation interventions across sectors including water management, agriculture, land and forestry, human settlements, health, transport, and mining.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":85,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":87,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":90},[91,95,99,103,108,113,118,121,126,129,132],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},30,"research-report",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":128},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":28,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":28,"slug":131},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":135},19,"General","general"]