[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-332795-105":59,"doc-detail-332795-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","roles-of-hnox-and-carboxylic-acids-in-the-thermal-stability-of-nitroplasticizer","Roles of HNOx and Carboxylic Acids in the Thermal Stability of Nitroplasticizer","","Thermal aging of nitroplasticizer (NP) generates nitrous acid (HONO), which decomposes into reactive nitro-oxide species and nitric acid (HNO3). These volatile products promote cascaded NP deterioration and form acidic constituents, making early-stage degradation difficult to quantify. Acid number measurements in nonaqueous systems cannot distinguish individual acidic species, especially at micromolar levels. Using liquid–liquid extraction with ion chromatography, the work rapidly and unambiguously measures HONO, HNO3, acetic/formic acids, and oxalic acid in aged NP samples. Overlay analysis with LC-QTOF MS and IC identifies antioxidant depletion as driving HONO increase and subsequent HNO3 formation, accelerating acid-catalyzed NP hydrolysis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/roles-of-hnox-and-carboxylic-acids-in-the-thermal-stability-of-nitroplasticizer/332795/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/roles-of-hnox-and-carboxylic-acids-in-the-thermal-stability-of-nitroplasticizer/332795.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Miles","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is measuring HONO and HNO3 during NP degradation important?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"HONO and HNO3 contribute to cascaded deterioration, and their reactions drive acid-catalyzed NP hydrolysis. Understanding when and how they form enables insight into early degradation stages.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What limitation does the acid number method have for this study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Acid number measurements in nonaqueous solutions cannot differentiate acidic species, making it difficult to measure HONO and HNO3 accurately at micromolar concentrations.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How was HONO and HNO3 quantified in aged nitroplasticizer samples?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"A fast, unambiguous method combined liquid–liquid extraction and ion chromatography to determine concentrations of HONO, HNO3, acetic/formic acids, and oxalic acid.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},332795,1790344385,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019404,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","LA-UR-23-21042  \nAccepted Manuscript  \nRoles of HNOx and Carboxylic Acids in the Thermal Stability of Nitroplasticizer  \nChen, Kitmin Yang, Dali  \nLi, Zhenghua Marina, Oana C.  \nEdgar, Alexander Steven  \nProvided by the author(s) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (2023-11-20) . To be published in: ACS Omega  \nDOI to publisher's version: 10. 1021/acsomega.3c00748  \nPermalink to record:  \n[https://permalink.lanl.gov/object/view?what=info:lanl-repo/lareport/LA-UR-23-21042](https://permalink.lanl.gov/object/view?what=info:lanl-repo/lareport/LA-UR-23-21042)  \nLos Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Triad National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of U.S. Department of Energy under contract 89233218CNA000001 . By approving this article, the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publisher identify this article as work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcher's right to publish; as an institution, however, the Laboratory does not endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee its technical correctness.  \n[http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf)  Article   \nRoles of HNOx and Carboxylic Acids in the Thermal Stability of Nitroplasticizer  \nKitmin Chen, Alexander S. Edgar, Zheng-Hua Li, Oana C. Marina, and Dali Yang*  \n Cite This: ACS Omega 2023, 8, 14730−14741  \nRead Online  \n\n| ACCESS   | Metrics & More |  |  Article Recommendations |  | *sı Supporting Information |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nABSTRACT: In the thermal aging of nitroplasticizer (NP), the produced nitrous acid (HONO) can decompose into reactive nitro-oxide species and nitric acid (HNO3). These volatile species are prone to cause cascaded deterioration of NP and give rise to various acidic constituents. To gain insight on the early stage of NP degradation, an adequate method for measuring changes in the concentrations of HONO, HNO3, and related acidic species is imperative. The typical assessment of acidity in nonaqueous solutions (i.e., acid number) cannot differentiate acidic species and thus presents difficulty in the measurement of HONO and HNO3 at a micromolar concentration level. Using liquid−liquid extraction and ion chromatography (IC), we developed a fast and unambiguous analytical method to accurately determine the concentration of HONO, HNO3, acetic/formic acids, and oxalic acid in aged NP samples. Given by the overlay analysis results of liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and IC, the prominent increase of produced HONO after the depletion of antioxidants is the primary cause of HNO3 formation in the late stage of NP degradation, which results in the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of NP into 2,2-dinitropropanol and acetic/formic acids. Our study has demonstrated that the aging temperature plays a crucial role in accelerating the formation and decomposition of HONO, which consequently increases the acidity of aged NP samples and hence accelerates the hydrolyzation of NP. Therefore, to prevent NP from undergoing rapid degradation, we suggest that the concentration of HNO3 should be maintained below 1.35 mM and the temperature under 38 °C.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nThe formation of acidic constituents is a critical threat to the long-term stability of fuels, polymers, and plasticizers. 1−3 Particularly for the eutectic bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) acetal/ formal (BDNPA/F) liquid mixture, hereinafter referred to as nitroplasticizer (NP), as a binder component, its stability can directly affect the properties of energetic composites. At moderate temperatures (\u003C55 °C), nitrous acid ","cbCaib4E6jS2dtgq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib4E6jS2dtgq","pdf",4450963,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Reaction pathways and mechanisms","[{\"question\":\"Why is measuring HONO and HNO3 during NP degradation important?\",\"answer\":\"HONO and HNO3 contribute to cascaded deterioration, and their reactions drive acid-catalyzed NP hydrolysis. Understanding when and how they form enables insight into early degradation stages.\"},{\"question\":\"What limitation does the acid number method have for this study?\",\"answer\":\"Acid number measurements in nonaqueous solutions cannot differentiate acidic species, making it difficult to measure HONO and HNO3 accurately at micromolar concentrations.\"},{\"question\":\"How was HONO and HNO3 quantified in aged nitroplasticizer samples?\",\"answer\":\"A fast, unambiguous method combined liquid–liquid extraction and ion chromatography to determine concentrations of HONO, HNO3, acetic/formic acids, and oxalic acid.\"}]","Roles of HNOx and Carboxylic Acids in the Thermal Stability of Nitroplasticizer | PDF",1789999528,33]