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In 164 PND patients, methylene blue was injected into discharging ducts post-FDS, followed by surgery several hours later. Dyeing effect and operative time were assessed and correlated with clinical and ductoscopic findings.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/role-of-immediate-injection-of-methylene-blue-after-fiberoptic-ductoscopy-in-selective-ductectomy-for-patients-with-pathological-nipple-discharge/374006/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/role-of-immediate-injection-of-methylene-blue-after-fiberoptic-ductoscopy-in-selective-ductectomy-for-patients-with-pathological-nipple-discharge/374006.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Logic","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the purpose of injecting methylene blue immediately after fiberoptic ductoscopy?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To identify discharging ducts and intraductal lesions clearly while preventing methylene blue overflow during surgery.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How many patients were included, and what was the timeframe?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"164 PND patients were enrolled from May 2019 to December 2023.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What clinicopathologic and ductoscopic findings were associated with malignancy?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Higher malignancy propensity was linked to older age, menopause, positive mammography, and bloody discharge, and ductoscopic features such as multiple distal lesions, irregular morphology, hemorrhage, and rough/stiff ductal walls.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},374006,1790317587,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":55,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099513958762,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253","Zhang et al. BMC Cancer (2025) 25:60 BMC Cancer  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13467-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13467-8)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nRole of immediate injection of methylene blue after fiberoptic ductoscopy in selective ductectomy for patients with pathological nipple discharge  \nFengfeng Zhang 1, Silei Wang 1, Bin Liu 1 and Wenshi Yang 1*  \nAbstract  \nPurpose Pathological nipple discharge (PND) is associated with malignancy. This study aimed to investigate the value of fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) and the feasibility of immediate injection of methylene blue after FDS to identify discharging ducts and intraductal lesions without overflow of methylene blue during surgery.  \nMethods From May 2019 to December 2023, 164 PND patients were enrolled. Methylene blue was injected into the discharging ducts immediately after FDS. Surgery was underwent several hours later. The dyeing effect and the operation time were assessed. The pathological results were analyzed with clinical characteristics and ductoscopic appearances.  \nResults The overall detection rate of malignancy was 14. 0%(23/164) . Both ultrasound (US) and mammography (MG) were negative in 80 (48 . 8%) patients, while pathology yielded 10 (12 . 5%) breast cancers. Statistical analysis revealed that patients exhibiting older age, menopause, positive MG, and bloody discharge had a higher propensity for malignancy (P \u003C 0. 05) . Ductoscopic features such as multiple and distal lesions, irregular morphology and hemorrhage of the lesions, and roughness and stiffness of the ductal walls were associated with malignancy (P \u003C 0. 05) . Conducting surgery 12–24 h after injection of methylene blue resulted in optimal dyeing without overflow of methylene blue. Conclusion FDS is an effective and feasible examination for PND patients with negative imaging results. Immediate injection of methylene blue after FDS allows clear identification of discharging ducts and intraductal lesions without overflow of methylene blue. This approach may be useful in guiding selective ductectomy for the detection of early breast cancer.  \nKeywords Fiberoptic ductoscopy, Nipple discharge, Methylene blue, Selective ductectomy, Breast cancer  \n*Correspondence:  \nWenshi Yang  \n[yangwenshibisheng@163.com](yangwenshibisheng@163.com)  \n1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Central People’s Hospital ofTengzhou, Tengzhou, China; 277500, China  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/l](vecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.  \nZhang et al. BMC Cancer (2025) 25:60  \nIntroduction  \nPathological nipple discharge (PND) is defined as spontaneous, unilateral, watery, serous, or bloody discharge from a single duct [1]. The majority of causes are benign, yet, up to 18% are malignant [2]. Standard breast exams include ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ductography, mammography (MG), and soon. Due to the indirect observations of the discharging mammary ducts, a diagnosis may be missed. Fiberopt","cbCaikDnTSjCNETP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikDnTSjCNETP","pdf",1500619,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of injecting methylene blue immediately after fiberoptic ductoscopy?\",\"answer\":\"To identify discharging ducts and intraductal lesions clearly while preventing methylene blue overflow during surgery.\"},{\"question\":\"How many patients were included, and what was the timeframe?\",\"answer\":\"164 PND patients were enrolled from May 2019 to December 2023.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinicopathologic and ductoscopic findings were associated with malignancy?\",\"answer\":\"Higher malignancy propensity was linked to older age, menopause, positive mammography, and bloody discharge, and ductoscopic features such as multiple distal lesions, irregular morphology, hemorrhage, and rough/stiff ductal walls.\"}]","Role of Immediate Injection of Methylene Blue after Fiberoptic Ductoscopy in Selective Ductectomy for Patients with Pathological Nipple Discharge | PDF",1790201009,23]