[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-113284-en":3,"doc-seo-113284-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},113284,8796095461564,"Liam","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Roads and Jobs in Ethiopia - Structural Transformation Effects of Transport Infrastructure Improvements","Explores whether improvements in road infrastructure influence jobs and structural transformation in Ethiopia across 1994–2013. Using a novel geocoded dataset linking the universe of Ethiopian road segments with individual labor-market information, the study finds that better roads increase district-level market access and are associated with structural transformation. Market-access gains reduce the share of agricultural workers and raise employment in services, without clear effects in manufacturing. Effects vary by industry, gender, education level, and age cohorts, consistent with migration and shifting economic opportunities.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nThe World Bank Economic Review, 36(4), 2022, 999–1020  \n[https://doi.org10.1093/wber/lhac018](https://doi.org10.1093/wber/lhac018)  \nArticle  \nRoads and Jobs in Ethiopia Matteo Fiorini and Marco Sanfilippo  \nAbstract  \nDoes improving roads affect jobs and structural transformation? A novel geocoded data set covering the universe of Ethiopian roads matched with individual data allows the relationship between improvements in road infrastructure and labor-market outcomes over the 1994–2013 period to be identified. At the district level, greater market access due to better roads correlates with the process of structural transformation in Ethiopia. Improvements in market access are related to reductions in the share of agricultural workers and increases in that of workers in the services sector, but not in manufacturing. Heterogeneity in this relationship exists across industries, gender, education level, and age cohorts. Patterns of internal migration and changes in economic opportunities can help rationalize these findings.  \nJEL classification: L16, O18, O55, R4  \nKeywords: structural transformation, jobs, roads, Ethiopia  \n1. Introduction  \nDeveloping countries can hardly embark on economic development and structural transformation without first reducing transport costs (Gollin and Rogerson 2014) . Greater connectivity can improve the lives of individuals, widening their work and educational opportunities, while fostering transition to more productive activities. In addition, improving domestic transport infrastructure can reduce some of the constraints that affect the private sector in many low-income countries, allowing firms to better connect to local and international markets. This, in turn, can improve the efficiency of firms and enable them to offer better jobs. Understanding whether policies supporting the construction of transport infrastructure can affect jobs in low-income countries is therefore a question of high policy relevance.  \nMatteo Fiorini is a programme associate with the Global Governance Programme at the European University Institute, Firenze, Italy; his email address is matteo.fiorini@eui.eu. Marco Sanfilippo (corresponding author) is an associate professor of economics at the University of Torino, Torino, Italy; he is also an affiliate at the Collegio Carlo Alberto, and a programme associate and visiting researcher with the Global Governance Programme at the European University Institute; his email address is marco.sanfilippo@unito.it. The authors would like to thank the editor, Eric Edmonds, three anonymous reviewers, Margaret McMillan, Ali Sen, Kunal Sen, Victor Stolzenburg, participants of the annual UNU-WIDER Conference at ESCAP in Bangkok,“The Future of Industrial Work” Workshop at UNIDO in Vienna, the Jobs & Development Conference (online), the Nordic Conference on Development Economics (online), and seminars at the Universities of Catania and Napoli Parthenope for valuable comments on preliminary draft versions of the paper. They also thank Francesco Iacoella for valuable research assistance. Support from Fitsum Mulugeta and the Ethiopian Economic Association is gratefully acknowledged for facilitating the collection of data from the Central Statistical Agency. Matteo Fiorini acknowledges financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 770680 (RESPECT) . A supplementary online appendix is available with this article at The World Bank Economic Review website.  \n© The Author(s) 2022 . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK.  \nAll rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [journals.permissions@oup.com](journals.permissions@oup.com)  \nDownloaded from [https://academic.oup.com/wber/article/36/4/999/6711587 by Sectoral Library Rm MC-C3-220 user on](https://academic.oup.com/wber/article","cbCaisuHbsyQA3pB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisuHbsyQA3pB","pdf",1325246,6,1,22,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Transport costs and connectivity\n## Policy relevance\n# Data and Identification Strategy\n## Geocoded road and individual labor data\n## District-level unit of analysis\n## Firm activity and labor demand\n# Context: Ethiopia’s Structural Transformation Agenda","[{\"question\":\"How does the paper test the link between roads and jobs in Ethiopia?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a geocoded dataset that matches detailed Ethiopian road-segment information to individual labor-market data, covering 1994–2013, and analyzes outcomes at the district level.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship is found between road improvements and structural transformation?\",\"answer\":\"Greater market access from improved roads correlates with structural transformation, specifically through shifts away from agriculture and toward services.\"},{\"question\":\"Do road improvements affect all employment sectors equally?\",\"answer\":\"No. The study reports reductions in agricultural employment and increases in services, but does not find a similar effect in manufacturing; results also differ across industries, gender, education levels, and age cohorts.\"}]","Roads and Jobs in Ethiopia - Structural Transformation Effects of Transport Infrastructure Improvements | PDF",1784502263,55,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"roads-and-jobs-in-ethiopia-structural-transformation-effects-of-transport-infrastructure-improvements","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/roads-and-jobs-in-ethiopia-structural-transformation-effects-of-transport-infrastructure-improvements/113284/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"How does the paper test the link between roads and jobs in Ethiopia?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"It uses a geocoded dataset that matches detailed Ethiopian road-segment information to individual labor-market data, covering 1994–2013, and analyzes outcomes at the district level.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"What relationship is found between road improvements and structural transformation?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"Greater market access from improved roads correlates with structural transformation, specifically through shifts away from agriculture and toward services.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"Do road improvements affect all employment sectors equally?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"No. The study reports reductions in agricultural employment and increases in services, but does not find a similar effect in manufacturing; 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