[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-158030-105":59,"doc-detail-158030-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","risks-of-using-duolingo-by-polish-learners-at-primary-level","Risks of Using Duolingo by Polish Learners at Primary Level","","Using Duolingo for English vocabulary can also introduce learning risks that affect how Polish primary-level learners acquire the target language. The text highlights areas that may create a distorted view of English structure for young students, especially regarding interlingual differences between English and Polish. It argues for classroom use as complementary material and emphasizes teacher monitoring to prevent misleading input, recurring mistakes, and misunderstandings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/risks-of-using-duolingo-by-polish-learners-at-primary-level/158030/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/risks-of-using-duolingo-by-polish-learners-at-primary-level/158030.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What main risks of using Duolingo are discussed for Polish learners at primary level?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The text points to risks that can distort young learners’ understanding of English structure, largely due to learning activities that lack sufficient context and grammatical support.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does Duolingo’s use of American versus British English affect Polish students?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Duolingo primarily teaches American English, while Polish textbooks and schools usually prefer British English, which may cause confusion and inconsistent spelling in tests.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why are English articles on Duolingo considered problematic?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Duolingo exercises may present sentences with “the/a/-” without enough explanation, making it difficult for learners to grasp when definite and indefinite articles should be used, and sometimes creating further confusion through inconsistent word banks.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},158030,1787993786,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":52},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","# Risks of Using Duolingo by Polish Learners at Primary Level\n\nAgnieszka Grygo1, Elżbieta Gajek2  \nUniversity of WarsawInstitute of Applied Linguistics  \n55 Dobra Street, Warsaw  \nae.grygo@students.uw.edu.pl 1, e.gajek@uw.edu.pl2  \n## Abstract\n\nDespite the advantages of using Duolingo by language learners for learning vocabulary there are also risks which mayinfluence the effects of learning the target language. The text presents some examples of controversial areas which need tobe considered by English teachers who want to recommend this crowdsourcing tool to their learners in the Polish context.It can be used as a complementary material but the teacher should monitor the acquisition of the target language to preventmistakes and misunderstandings. The article provides examples of potentially misleading issues the Polish learners mayacquire whole learning English with the use of Duolingo.  \nKeywords: Duolingo, crowdsourcing, language learning, language teaching  \n## 1. Introduction\n\nThis chapter analyses the linguistic aspects of usingDuolingoat primary level. It focuses on the issues that maybuild a false vision of the structure of the English languagein the minds of young learners. It also shows interlingualchallenges between English and Polish. This analysis is intune with the analysis of translation quality from Spanishinto English (Garcia, 2013) but exemplified by thedifficulties Polish learners face while learning English.Teachers who use Duolingo with their pupils need to beaware of the shortcomings of the learning site.  \n## 2. British and American English in the\n\nPolish Educational Context  \nFirst of all, before starting the Polish-English course inDuolingo, one needs to be aware of fact that the variety ofEnglish that istaughton the platform is American English.It may not constitute a problematic issue for older learnerswho have already graduated from secondary schools, butBritish English isthe variety of English that is preferred inthe majority of Polish textbooks and taught in most Polishschools, and therefore, learning with Duolingo might be aconfusing experience for those who are still school studentsand have never been presented with an extensivedescription of differences between British English andAmerican English. Duolingo itself does not offer anyinformation or guide explaining dissimilarities betweenthose two types of English. It may thus lead to students’inconsistency in using English and their mixing twoaforementioned varieties together as well as their receivinglower notes on tests for choosing, e.g., spelling that isincompatible with their student’s books. Besides, evenDuolingo lacks the consistency when it comes to using onevariety of English. For instance, in the word bankaccompanying one of the translation exercises, Duolingooffers the word “film”, which according to the onlineCambridge Dictionary is a word mainly used in the UnitedKingdom, instead of suggesting the use of the word“movie”, which, according to the online CambridgeDictionary, is the American term referring to the samephenomenon, that is “a series of moving pictures, usuallyshown in a cinema or on television and often telling astory.”  \n## 3. Problematic Areas for Polish Learners of\n\nEnglish Articles “the”, “a”, “-”Even though Duolingo mainly functions as a tool forlearning vocabulary, one cannot help but absorb otherelements of content presented on the platform as well. Themajority of sentences and sequences of words one has totranslate seem tobe apart of longer texts but are introducedwithout context. Therefore, a number of them may appearillogical, unnatural and impossible tobe applied in real lifesituations. As a consequence of that, they may triggerunwanted tendencies among Duolingo’s users and lead totheir making mistakes. This subject primarily concerns theuse of articles in exerciseson the platform, especially if onetakes into account scarce explanations of grammatical rulesprovided by the programme. Translating detachedsentences","cbCaiqXxnoMtZBfu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqXxnoMtZBfu","pdf",517075,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. British and American English in the Polish Educational Context\n## Differences between varieties\n# 3. Problematic Areas for Polish Learners of English Articles","[{\"question\":\"What main risks of using Duolingo are discussed for Polish learners at primary level?\",\"answer\":\"The text points to risks that can distort young learners’ understanding of English structure, largely due to learning activities that lack sufficient context and grammatical support.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Duolingo’s use of American versus British English affect Polish students?\",\"answer\":\"Duolingo primarily teaches American English, while Polish textbooks and schools usually prefer British English, which may cause confusion and inconsistent spelling in tests.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are English articles on Duolingo considered problematic?\",\"answer\":\"Duolingo exercises may present sentences with “the/a/-” without enough explanation, making it difficult for learners to grasp when definite and indefinite articles should be used, and sometimes creating further confusion through inconsistent word banks.\"}]","Risks of Using Duolingo by Polish Learners at Primary Level | PDF"]