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Survivors with first rectal NEN diagnoses from 2000–2018 were identified from SEER-18 registries, excluding synchronous primaries with a latency window. Relative risk was estimated using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) calculated with SEER*Stat.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/risk-of-second-primary-cancers-in-patients-with-rectal-neuroendocrine-neoplasms-a-surveillance-epidemiology-and-end-results-analysis/377262/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/risk-of-second-primary-cancers-in-patients-with-rectal-neuroendocrine-neoplasms-a-surveillance-epidemiology-and-end-results-analysis/377262.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"supergirl","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How were patients with rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms selected for the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Histologically diagnosed rectal NEN patients were extracted from SEER-18 registries for diagnoses between 2000 and 2018, representing nearly 28% of the U.S. population. A latency window of at least two months between the first rectal NEN diagnosis and SPCs was used to exclude synchronous primary malignancies.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What statistical approach quantified the risk of second primary cancers?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) to estimate relative risk of SPCs. SIRs were calculated with SEER*Stat software.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find about the overall risk of SPCs after rectal NEN?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Among 15,836 rectal NEN patients, 1,436 (9.1%) received a diagnosis of SPCs. 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Oncol. 13:1248268 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248268  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2023 Wan, Wu, Jiang, Gong and Zhou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nRisk of second primary cancersin patients with rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis  \nMing Wan, Jiaqi Wu, Zhaopeng Jiang, Wushuang Gong and Xianli Zhou*  \nIn-Patient Ultrasound Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Surgeons’Hall, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China  \nBackground: While an elevated risk of second primary cancers (SPCs) has been observed in many other cancers, risk of SPCs has not been quantified in patients with rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) .  \nMethods: Survivors of primary rectal NENs diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-18 registries. Relative risk of SPCs was estimated as the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), which was calculated using SEER*Stat software.  \nResults: Between 2000 and 2018, a total of 15836 patients diagnosed with rectal NENs, of whom 1436 (9 . 1%) received diagnosis of SPCs (SIR: 1 . 19, 95%CI: 1 .13- 1. 26) . The majority of patients were aged 50-69 and had their first cancer diagnosed at the localized stage. Male survivors had a higher propensity for developing SPCs overall, while female survivors exhibited higher risks of specific SPCs. Age at diagnosis of rectal NENs influenced the risk of SPCs, with younger patients having greater risks. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of SPCs was observed among patients aged 30-64 years. Black patients had higher relative risks of certain SPCs, while White patients had a lower risk of subsequent melanoma. Trend analysis revealed that the highest excess burden of SPCs was observed in the years 2000 to 2002 . Risk of SPCs remained elevated within the first four years post-diagnosis for survivors of rectal NENs, but diminished thereafter.  \nConclusion: The study revealed that individuals who survived rectal NENs were at an elevated risk of developing SPCs compared to the general population. Our results hold important implications for the formulation of lifelong surveillance recommendations for cancer survivors.  \nKEYWORDS  \nrectal NENs, second primary cancer, Sir, Ear, SEER  \nFrontiers in Oncology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nIntroduction  \nNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of uncommon diseases with varied clinical characteristics and biological behaviors which arising from neuroendocrine cells throughout the diffuse endocrine system (1, 2) . Due to advancesin diagnostic technologies, there has been a significant increase in the detection of NENs both in the United States and globally (3–5) . Rectal NENs are one of the main subtypes of NENs in the gastrointestinal tract (6, 7) . Despite the typically indolent nature of rectal NENs and the improving outcomes in cancer management, surv","cbCaieVWSxYLxkIg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieVWSxYLxkIg","pdf",1303075,11,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and methods\n## Statistical analysis\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"How were patients with rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms selected for the study?\",\"answer\":\"Histologically diagnosed rectal NEN patients were extracted from SEER-18 registries for diagnoses between 2000 and 2018, representing nearly 28% of the U.S. population. A latency window of at least two months between the first rectal NEN diagnosis and SPCs was used to exclude synchronous primary malignancies.\"},{\"question\":\"What statistical approach quantified the risk of second primary cancers?\",\"answer\":\"The study used the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) to estimate relative risk of SPCs. SIRs were calculated with SEER*Stat software.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about the overall risk of SPCs after rectal NEN?\",\"answer\":\"Among 15,836 rectal NEN patients, 1,436 (9.1%) received a diagnosis of SPCs. SPC risk remained elevated compared with the general population for up to the first four years after diagnosis.\"}]","Risk of second primary cancers in patients with rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms - a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis | PDF",1790223991,28]