[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-368785-105":59,"doc-detail-368785-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","risk-of-malignant-neoplasms-of-tacrolimus-in-kidney-transplant-patients-a-retrospective-cohort-study","Risk of malignant neoplasms of tacrolimus in kidney transplant patients - a retrospective cohort study","","Long-term survival after kidney transplantation has improved, yet malignant neoplasms remain a major cause of death. Recipients show a 1.8-fold higher risk than the general population, and the risk increases with time after transplant. Tacrolimus is preferred over cyclosporine A for rejection control, but evidence on malignant neoplasm risk has been limited. This study assesses incidence and cancer types and evaluates the association between malignant neoplasm development and the prescribed calcineurin inhibitor type using a Japanese national claims database.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/risk-of-malignant-neoplasms-of-tacrolimus-in-kidney-transplant-patients-a-retrospective-cohort-study/368785/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/risk-of-malignant-neoplasms-of-tacrolimus-in-kidney-transplant-patients-a-retrospective-cohort-study/368785.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s main goal?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To describe the incidence and types of malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients and evaluate the association between cancer development and the prescribed calcineurin inhibitor type.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It was a retrospective cohort study using the Japanese National Database of Health Insurance Claims, covering data for patients who received a kidney transplant and were prescribed tacrolimus or cyclosporine A between April and June 2011.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Did tacrolimus increase the risk of malignant neoplasms compared with cyclosporine A?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No. The study found no statistically significant difference in malignant neoplasm incidence between tacrolimus and cyclosporine A users, with a hazard ratio of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.84 to 1.12).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Which types of malignant neoplasms were most common?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"The most common malignant neoplasms involved the digestive organs and the urinary tract.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},368785,1790207346,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Kubota et al. BMC Nephrology (2025) 26:491 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04405-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04405-8)  \nBMC Nephrology  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nRisk of malignant neoplasms oftacrolimus in kidney transplant patients: a retrospective cohort study conducted using the Japanese National Database of Health Insurance Claims  \nRisa Kubota 1,2†, Ken-Ei Sada3*†, Moto Tokunaga 1, Kasumi Yoshinaga2, Tomoaki Yamanoi2, Tatsushi Kawada2, Yusuke Tominaga2, Takuya Sadahira2, Satoshi Katayama2, Takehiro Iwata2, Shingo Nishimura2, Kensuke Bekku2, Kohei Edamura2, Tomoko Kobayashi2, Yuki Nakagawa4, Naotsugu Ichimaru5, Koichiro Wada6 and Motoo Araki2  \nAbstract  \nBackground Although the long-term survival of kidney transplant recipients has significantly improved, malignant neoplasms remain one of the leading causes of death in this population. The recipients face a 1. 8-fold increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms compared with the general population. This risk increases with time after transplantation. Tacrolimus (TAC) is preferred over cyclosporine A (CyA) in terms of efficacy against organ rejection, but evidence on the risk of malignant neoplasms is lacking. We aimed to describe the incidence and types of malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients and evaluate the association between malignant neoplasms development and the type of prescribed CNI.  \nMethods This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Japanese National Database of Health Insurance Claims, including data covering 99% of kidney transplant patients in Japan. Patients who underwent kidney transplantation and were prescribed TAC or CyA between April and June 2011 were included. The primary outcome included the incidence of malignant neoplasms, and secondary outcomes included overall survival and graft survival. Results A total of 7,590 patients were included, with 11. 0% developing malignant neoplasms during the follow-up period. The most common malignant neoplasms were in the digestive organs and urinary tract. No statistically significant difference in malignant neoplasms incidence was observed between TAC and CyA users (hazards ratio:  \n0. 97, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1. 12; estimated average treatment effect: −24 . 05, 95% CI: −184.90 to 136. 80) . The patient and graft survival rates were also comparable between the groups.  \nConclusions This large study suggests thatTAC is not associated with an increased risk of malignant neoplasms compared to CyA in the late post-transplant period.  \n†Risa Kubota and Ken-ei Sada contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence: Ken-Ei Sada[sadak@kochi-u.ac.jp](sadak@kochi-u.ac.jp)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/l](vecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.  \nKubota et al. BMC Nephrology (2025) 26:491 Page 2 of 9  \nClinical trial number Not applicable.  \nKeywords Calcineurin inhibitors, Cyclosporine A, Kidney transplant, Malignant n","cbCaika7KUUcVP4w","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaika7KUUcVP4w","pdf",1207779,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Author contributions and correspondence","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main goal?\",\"answer\":\"To describe the incidence and types of malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients and evaluate the association between cancer development and the prescribed calcineurin inhibitor type.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted?\",\"answer\":\"It was a retrospective cohort study using the Japanese National Database of Health Insurance Claims, covering data for patients who received a kidney transplant and were prescribed tacrolimus or cyclosporine A between April and June 2011.\"},{\"question\":\"Did tacrolimus increase the risk of malignant neoplasms compared with cyclosporine A?\",\"answer\":\"No. The study found no statistically significant difference in malignant neoplasm incidence between tacrolimus and cyclosporine A users, with a hazard ratio of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.84 to 1.12).\"},{\"question\":\"Which types of malignant neoplasms were most common?\",\"answer\":\"The most common malignant neoplasms involved the digestive organs and the urinary tract.\"}]","Risk of malignant neoplasms of tacrolimus in kidney transplant patients - a retrospective cohort study | PDF",1790178521,23]