[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331423-105":59,"doc-detail-331423-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","risk-of-cancer-development-associated-with-disease-modifying-therapies-for-multiple-sclerosis-study-protocol-for-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis","Risk of cancer development associated with disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis - study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","","Association between cancer and multiple sclerosis has been investigated for years, with existing studies and reviews reporting conflicting findings regarding cancer risk after treatment with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). This study protocol outlines a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between DMT exposure and subsequent cancer occurrence. It includes randomized and non-randomized trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies and defines cancer outcomes across all malignancies and site-specific cancers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/risk-of-cancer-development-associated-with-disease-modifying-therapies-for-multiple-sclerosis-study-protocol-for-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/331423/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/risk-of-cancer-development-associated-with-disease-modifying-therapies-for-multiple-sclerosis-study-protocol-for-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/331423.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main objective of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To investigate whether disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis are associated with subsequent cancer risk, using systematic review and meta-analysis methods.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which types of studies will be included?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review will include randomized and non-randomized trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and case-control studies comparing DMTs with placebo, no treatment, or another active agent.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How will the review synthesize evidence and estimate effect sizes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The protocol specifies a two-stage approach: Peto’s method for randomized trials and a random-effects model that adds non-randomized data, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals as estimates.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331423,1790045829,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","Catalá‑López et al. Systematic Reviews (2024) 13:263  \n[https://doi.org/10.1](https://doi.org/10.1) 186/s13643‑024‑02677‑z  \nSystematic Reviews  \n PROTOCOL Open Access  \nRisk of cancer development associated  \nwith disease‑modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomised and non‑randomised studies  \nFerrán Catalá-López1,2,3* , Laura Tejedor-Romero4, Jane A. Driver5,6,7, Brian Hutton3,8,  \nJoan Vicent Sánchez-Ortí2,9, Manuel Ridao 10,11,12, Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo13,14, Patricia Correa-Ghisays2,9, Jaume Forés-Martos2,15, Vicent Balanzá-Martínez2,9, Alfonso Valencia16,17, Inmaculada Cobos15 and Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos2,9*  \nAbstract  \nBackground The association between cancer and multiple sclerosis has long been investigated. Several studies and reviews have examined the risk of cancer among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) but with conflicting results. This study will aim to investigate the association between DMTs for multiple sclerosis and subsequent cancer risk using research synthesis methods.  \nMethods/design We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. We will include randomised and non-randomised trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and case–control studies of treatment with DMTs compared with placebo, no treatment, or another active agent. The primary outcome will be the risk of cancer (all-malignant neoplasms) in association with the exposure of DMTs. Secondary outcomes will include site-specific cancers (e. g. breast cancer) . Literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases (from their inception onwards), including the following: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) . Two researchers will screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data independently. The risk of bias (quality) of individual studies will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will use a two-stage approach to evidence synthesis: (1) Peto’s method for meta-analysis of data from randomised trials alone; and (2) Random-effects model for meta-analysis adding data from non-randomised studies. We will calculate odds ratios and their associated 95% confidence intervals. Potential sources of heterogeneity will be explored in additional analyses (e. g. subgroups considering different DMTs individually, mechanism of action, type of control, length of follow-up, mode of treatment) .  \n*Correspondence:  \nFerrán Catalá-López [ferran_catala@outlook.com](ferran_catala@outlook.com)[ ](ferran_catala@outlook.com)Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos rafael.tabares@uv.es  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)[.](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)  \nCatalá‑López et al. Systematic Reviews (202","cbCaig1wDC808uOZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig1wDC808uOZ","pdf",1085319,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods/design\n## Discussion\n## Systematic review registration\n## Keywords\n## Background","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate whether disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis are associated with subsequent cancer risk, using systematic review and meta-analysis methods.\"},{\"question\":\"Which types of studies will be included?\",\"answer\":\"The review will include randomized and non-randomized trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and case-control studies comparing DMTs with placebo, no treatment, or another active agent.\"},{\"question\":\"How will the review synthesize evidence and estimate effect sizes?\",\"answer\":\"The protocol specifies a two-stage approach: Peto’s method for randomized trials and a random-effects model that adds non-randomized data, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals as estimates.\"}]","Risk of cancer development associated with disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis - study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis | PDF",1789993217]