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Rhamnolipid hybrid C60 (RL/C60) nanocomposites prevent ASUC via high hydrophilicity, uniform particle size, and enhanced free-radical scavenging in vitro. They show biological safety and intracellular anti-inflammatory effects exceeding 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). In mice, low-dose oral RL/C60 (0.4 mg/kg) repairs intestinal mucosa, lowers inflammatory cytokines, and alleviates ASUC symptoms near healthy levels, supporting a safer nanotherapeutic 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\n[http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf)  Article   \nRhamnolipid/Fullerene Nanocomposites as Potent Radical Scavengers for Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Prevention: A LowDose Therapeutic Approach  \nYuxuan Xia,⊥ Xinyao Teng,⊥ Xinyue Hu, Jia Tang, Bingxue Yu, Jie Wan, Yonghua Zhou, * Liu Hong, * and Cheng Yang  \n Cite This: ACS Omega 2025, 10, 59251−59260  \nRead Online  \n\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ACCESS   | Metrics & More |  |  Article Recommendations |  | *sı Supporting Information |\n\nABSTRACT: As a common recurrent disease of ulcerative colitis (UC), acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) causes long-term pain and heavy economic losses to patients. Although fullerene (C60) is considered an excellent antioxidant, its therapeutic application in UC is often hindered by absorption challenges due to intestinal mucosal damage. Here, we report the superior effect of rhamnolipid hybrid C60 (RL/C60) nanocomposites on preventing ASUC. Benefiting from their high hydrophilicity and uniform particle size, RL/C60 shows a remarkable freeradical-scavenging ability in vitro, biological safety, and intracellular antiinflammatory ability, which was better than those of the common medication 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). In vivo experimental results further demonstrated that prophylactic oral administration of low-dose (0.4 mg/kg) RL/C60 successfully alleviated ASUC symptoms in mice to a level close to health by repairing intestinal mucosa and reducing inflammatory cytokine levels. Our findings highlight RL/C60 as a promising nanotherapeutic strategy for preventing ASUC, offering a safer and more effective alternative to conventional treatments.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nUlcerative colitis (UC) is a common type of chronic intestinal inflammation (IBD), characterized by rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.1 Despite extensive research, UC is unfortunately incurable due to its unclear pathogenesis.2 Approximately one-fifth of UC patients will experience at least one episode of severe acute ulcerative colitis (ASUC) in  \ntheir lifetime,3 accompanied including anemia, adverse  \nby various systemic complications drug events, and malnutrition,4  \nwhich has caused great burden to both patients and the society.5,6  \nLong-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs is one of the effective strategies to prevent the occurrence of ASUC. The typical medications include mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA), cyclosporine, and corticosteroids.7,8 However, in the treatment of ASUC, these drugs may encounter a colon mucosa with a higher permeability than UC, which leads to reduced efficacy, drug loss, and increased toxicity.9, 10 Therefore, prophylactic therapy against ASUC plays an important role in reducing its incidence. Nowadays, many chemicals such as polyphenol,11 amino acids, 12 and polysaccharides 13 have been reported to be effective in preventing UC. Nonetheless, most of them require a large dosage (>50 mg/kg), posing concerns regarding long-term safety and patient compliance. A close relationship between oxidative stress and UC mortality has been revealed in recent studies.14 During the  \nonset of ASUC, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to mucosal damage and inflammatory cascades. Such a pathological surge in ROS levels further disrupts intestinal homeostasis and exacerbates inflammation. From this perspective, scavenging free radicals is important for attenuating UC inflammation.15, 16  \nComposed of 20 hexagonal and 12 pentagonal rings, fullerene (C60) is a spherical nanocarbon molecule rich in sp2 hybridization π-bonding,17 exhibiting exceptional ROSscavenging ability.18, 19 Previous reports also confirm the feasibility of C60 in alleviating UC symptoms, indicating better therapeutic effects compared to traditional therapies.20−22 Nevertheless, due to its inherent hydrophobicity, C60 may struggle to be absorbed by the seve","cbCaieHnpSINPzau","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieHnpSINPzau","pdf",6554477,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Experimental Section\n## Materials","[{\"question\":\"Why is fullerene (C60) limited for ulcerative colitis therapy?\",\"answer\":\"C60’s therapeutic use in ulcerative colitis is hindered by absorption challenges caused by intestinal mucosal damage in ASUC patients.\"},{\"question\":\"What advantages do RL/C60 nanocomposites provide for preventing ASUC?\",\"answer\":\"RL/C60 offers high hydrophilicity and uniform particle size, producing remarkable free-radical-scavenging ability in vitro, biological safety, and intracellular anti-inflammatory effects better than 5-ASA.\"},{\"question\":\"How does low-dose RL/C60 perform in vivo?\",\"answer\":\"Prophylactic oral administration of low-dose RL/C60 (0.4 mg/kg) alleviates ASUC symptoms in mice by repairing intestinal mucosa and reducing inflammatory cytokine levels to near-health status.\"}]","Rhamnolipid/Fullerene Nanocomposites as Potent Radical Scavengers for Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Prevention - A Low-Dose Therapeutic Approach | PDF",1790697971,25]