[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-613323-105":59,"doc-detail-613323-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","revolution-in-china-revolutionary-figures-and-events","Revolution in China - Revolutionary Figures and Events","","Revolution in China covers major political transitions from the late Qing (Manchu) era through the Republican Revolution and into early communist growth. It explains key figures including Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Puyi, then shifts to Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang, addressing internal challenges such as disunity and warlords. The material also analyzes foreign pressure via the Twenty-One Demands and World War I outcomes, and outlines the Three Principles of the People and the split within the KMT, concluding with the nationalist revolution under Chiang Kaishek.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/revolution-in-china-revolutionary-figures-and-events/613323/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/revolution-in-china-revolutionary-figures-and-events/613323.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Terk","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Who were the key figures discussed in the fall of the Qing dynasty?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The document highlights Empress Dowager Cixi, described as the de facto monarch, and Emperor Puyi, the “Last Emperor,” including his reign as emperor and later imprisonment after World War II.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What major weaknesses are listed for the Republic of China?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"It lists disunity from local warlords, foreign imperialists involving Americans, Europeans, and Japanese, and poor transportation illustrated by limited railroad mileage and few decent roads.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What were Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The three principles are democracy (people are sovereign), nationalism (an end to foreign imperialism), and livelihood (economic development, industrialization, land reform, and social welfare).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},613323,1792401599,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":26},1099525198933,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Revolution in China  \n© Student Handouts, Inc.  \nFall of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty  \n• Empress Dowager Cixi (1835- 1908)  \n– De facto Chinese monarch (1861- 1908)  \n– “Make me unhappy for a day and I will make you unhappy for alifetime.”  \n– Conservative and anti-foreign  \n– Blamed by many Chinese for foreign imperialist power in China  \nFall of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty  \n• Emperor Puyi – the “Last Emperor”  \n– Lived 1906-1967  \n– Ruled China 1908-1912, and as a puppet for 12 days in 1917  \n– Puppet emperor of Manchukuo (Japanese-ruled Manchuria), 1932- 1945  \n– Spent ten years in a Soviet prison after WWII  \n– Lived a quiet life as a regular citizen in communist China  \n– Died of disease during the Cultural Revolution (1967)  \nRepublican Revolution (1912)  \n• Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)  \n– Founded Kuomintang (KMT)– Nationalist party  \n• Overthrew Manchu (Qing) dynasty  \n• Established a republic  \n• President of Chinese Republic who succeeded him  \n– Yuan Shih-k’ai  \nKuomintang symbol  \nRepublic of China: Weaknesses  \n• Disunity  \n– Local warlords fought Kuomintang for control  \n– Wars raged between 1912 and 1928  \n• Foreign imperialists  \n– Americans, Europeans, and Japanese  \n• Poor transportation  \n– 1914 – only 6,000 miles of railroad track  \n• 225,000 miles in the smaller United States  \n– Few decent roads  \nForeign Imperialists  \n• Twenty-One Demands (1915)  \n– Japan attempted to make China a Japanese protectorate  \n– Action condemned and stopped by other leading world powers  \n• World War I and the Treaty of Versailles  \n– China attempted to abolish concessions and extraterritoriality  \n• Attempt failed  \n– China did not sign the Treaty of Versailles  \n– Japan gained mandate over most of Germany’s Asian possessions and rights  \nThree Principles of the People  \n• Book published by Sun Yat-sen before his death in 1925  \n1. Principle of Mínquán  \n• Democracy – the people are sovereign  \n2. Principle of Mínzú  \n• Nationalism – an end to foreign imperialism  \n3. Principle of Mínshēng  \n• Livelihood – economic development, industrialization, land reform, and social welfare – elements of progressivism and socialism  \nGrowth of Communism  \n• Sun Yat-sen appealed for Russian (Soviet) aid following the Versailles Conference  \n– 1921-1925 – China received advisors, arms, communist propaganda, and loans  \n– Russia revoked its imperialist rights in China  \nChinese flag, 1912-1928  \nThe Kuomintang (KMT) is Split  \n• Right wing  \n– Business people  \n– Politicians  \n• Left wing  \n– Communists  \n– Intellectuals  \n– Radicals  \n– Students  \nNationalist Revolution  \n• Sun Yat-sen succeeded by Chiang Kaishek  \n• Communists expelled by Kuomintang  \n• 1926-1928 – war to control the warlords  \n• Capital moved from Peiping (a.k.a. Peking, today’s Beijing) to Nanking (Nanjing)  \nPresidential Palace  \nunder Kuomintang Government in Nanjing","cbCaiuQ7kppAxnuL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuQ7kppAxnuL","pdf",804250,24,"English","# Fall of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty\n## Empress Dowager Cixi\n## Emperor Puyi\n# Republican Revolution (1912)\n## Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang\n# Republic of China: Weaknesses\n## Disunity and warlords\n## Foreign imperialists\n## Poor transportation\n# Foreign Imperialists\n## Twenty-One Demands (1915)\n## World War I and Versailles\n# Three Principles of the People\n# Growth of Communism\n## Soviet aid and advisors\n# The Kuomintang (KMT) is Split\n# Nationalist Revolution","[{\"question\":\"Who were the key figures discussed in the fall of the Qing dynasty?\",\"answer\":\"The document highlights Empress Dowager Cixi, described as the de facto monarch, and Emperor Puyi, the “Last Emperor,” including his reign as emperor and later imprisonment after World War II.\"},{\"question\":\"What major weaknesses are listed for the Republic of China?\",\"answer\":\"It lists disunity from local warlords, foreign imperialists involving Americans, Europeans, and Japanese, and poor transportation illustrated by limited railroad mileage and few decent roads.\"},{\"question\":\"What were Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People?\",\"answer\":\"The three principles are democracy (people are sovereign), nationalism (an end to foreign imperialism), and livelihood (economic development, industrialization, land reform, and social welfare).\"}]","Revolution in China - Revolutionary Figures and Events | PDF",1792385186]