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Literature searches used PubMed terms related to pharmacogenetics, race/ethnicity, toxicity, and FDA-approved drug classes to synthesize evidence. Findings indicate African American genetic profiles may influence FDA-approved chemotherapeutic responses, supporting improved genetic testing and biobank participation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/review-of-genetic-and-pharmacogenetic-differences-in-cytotoxic-and-targeted-therapies-for-pancreatic-cancer-in-african-americans/406294/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/review-of-genetic-and-pharmacogenetic-differences-in-cytotoxic-and-targeted-therapies-for-pancreatic-cancer-in-african-americans/406294.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Jasmine","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What problem does the review address regarding PDAC?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The review addresses racial disparities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma outcomes, highlighting higher incidence and mortality among African Americans compared with European Americans.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did the authors conduct the literature review?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"They searched PubMed using combinations of keywords related to pharmacogenetics, pancreatic cancer, race/ethnicity, toxicity, and specific FDA-approved drug names and classes.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What actions do the findings recommend to reduce disparities?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review recommends a strong focus on improving genetic testing and increasing African American participation in biobank sample donations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},406294,1790871436,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":92,"language":93,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":94,"faqs":95,"seo_title":96,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":97,"read_time":98,"preview_page_count":4},2336478487870,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45",7,"Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \n\n| | HHS Public Access\u003Cbr>Author manuscript\u003Cbr>J Natl Med Assoc. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2023 November 11. |\n| --- | --- |\n\nPublished in final edited form as:  \nJ Natl Med Assoc. 2023 April ; 115(2): 164–174. doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2023.01.008 .  \nReview of genetic and pharmacogenetic differences in cytotoxic and targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer in African Americans  \nGuettchina Telisnor,  \nCollege of Pharmacy, CaRE2 Health Equity Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  \nDavid L. DeRemer,  \nDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  \nEsther Frimpong,  \nDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA  \nEdward Agyare,  \nDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA  \nJohn Allen,  \nCollege of Pharmacy, CaRE2 Health Equity Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  \nLuisel Ricks-Santi,  \nDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  \nBo Han,  \nDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA  \nThomas George,  \nDivision of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 600 SW Archer Road, PO BOX 100278, Gainesville, FL 32610-0278, USA  \nSherise C. Rogers  \nDivision of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 600 SW Archer Road, PO BOX 100278, Gainesville, FL 32610-0278, USA  \nThis is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/))  \n[Corresponding author. sherise.rogers@medicine.ufl.edu](Corresponding author. sherise.rogers@medicine.ufl.edu).  \nAUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS  \nLiterature review, writing and editing of the manuscript: GT, DR, EF, EA, JA, BH, RS, TG, SR Study Design: SR DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST  \nTG is a consultant for Pfizer Oncology and Tempus lab which may be a potential conflict of interest. SR received the Robert A. Winn Diversity in Clinical Trials Award sponsored in part by Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.  \nAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \nTelisnor et al. Page 2  \nAbstract  \nPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer mortality and the incidence is projected to increase by 2030. Despite recent advances in its treatment, African Americans have a 50-60% higher incidence and 30% higher mortality rate when compared to European Americans possibly resulting from differences in socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and genetics. Genetics plays a role in cancer predisposition, response to cancer therapeutics (pharmacogenetics), and in tumor behavior, making some genes targets foroncologic therapeutics. We hypothesize that the germline genetic differences in predisposition, drug response, and targeted therapies also impact PDAC disparities. To demonstrate the impact of genetics and pharmacogenetics on PDAC disparities, a review of the literature was performed using PubMed with variations of the following keywords: pharmacogenetics, pancreatic cancer, race, ethnicity, African, Black, toxicity, and the FDA-approved drug names: Fluoropyrimidines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, Gemcitabine, Nab-Paclitaxel, Platinum agents, Pembrolizumab, PARPinhibitors, and NTRK fusion inhibitors. Our findings suggest that the genetic profiles of African Americans may contribute to disparities related to FDA approved chemotherapeutic response for patients with PDAC. We recommend a strong focus on improving genetic testing and participation in biobank sample donations for","cbCaiayI3M2RA4XU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiayI3M2RA4XU","pdf",368311,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Author contributions\n# Declaration of competing interest\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the review address regarding PDAC?\",\"answer\":\"The review addresses racial disparities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma outcomes, highlighting higher incidence and mortality among African Americans compared with European Americans.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the authors conduct the literature review?\",\"answer\":\"They searched PubMed using combinations of keywords related to pharmacogenetics, pancreatic cancer, race/ethnicity, toxicity, and specific FDA-approved drug names and classes.\"},{\"question\":\"What actions do the findings recommend to reduce disparities?\",\"answer\":\"The review recommends a strong focus on improving genetic testing and increasing African American participation in biobank sample donations.\"}]","Review of genetic and pharmacogenetic differences in cytotoxic and targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer in African Americans | PDF",1790564685,40,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":100},[101,105,109,113,118,123,125,130,135,138,141],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":86,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":124},"healthcare",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":129},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":134},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":137},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":139,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":140},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":142,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":144},19,"General","general"]