[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-45364-en":3,"doc-seo-45364-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},45364,1099513958762,"Logic","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1782109480056885918",8,"Research & Report","Revealing the Self in a Digital World: A Systematic Review of Adolescent Online and Offline Self-Disclosure","Adolescence is a key period of social development, and adolescents are major adopters of social media, yet the role of technology in meeting their social needs remains unclear. Focusing on self-disclosure, a systematic review examines how disclosure relates to adolescent relationships and compares online versus offline disclosure. Findings link self-disclosure to higher relationship quality and well-being. Online disclosure is generally less fulfilling than face-to-face disclosure, though highly anxious adolescents and boys aged 12–13 may benefit from starting online before moving offline.","Available online [at www.sciencedirect.com](at www.sciencedirect.com)[ ](at www.sciencedirect.com)ScienceDirect  \nRevealing the self in a digital world: A systematic review of adolescent online and offline self-disclosure Emily Townera , Jennifer Grinta , Tally Levya ,  \nSarah-Jayne Blakemorea , b and Livia Tomovaa ,c  \nAbstract  \nAdolescence is an important stage of social development. While adolescents are prominent adopters of social media, little is known about whether digital interactions can fulfil the social needs of this age group. Here, we focus on one component of social interaction: self-disclosure. In a systematic review, we investigate the role of self-disclosure in adolescent relationships and the differences between online and offline self-disclosure. The results suggest that selfdisclosure is associated with higher relationship quality and well-being. Online self-disclosure appears to be less fulfilling and beneficial for relationship quality than face-to-face selfdisclosure. However, certain populations appear to benefit more from online than offline self-disclosure - such as highly anxious adolescents and boys aged 12–13 years, who prefer to first self-disclose online before engaging in offline selfdisclosure. This suggests that both online and offline selfdisclosure can play a role in fulfilling adolescent social needs.  \nAddresses  \na Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK b Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK c Hughes Hall, University of Cambridge, UK  \nCorresponding author: Tomova, Livia ([lt503@cam.ac.uk](lt503@cam.ac.uk))  \nCurrent Opinion in Psychology 2022, 45:101309  \nThis review comes from a themed issue on Adolescent Development (2022)  \nEdited by Lydia Krabbendam and Barbara Braams  \nFor complete overview about the section, refer Adolescent Development (2022)  \nAvailable online 18 February 2022  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101309](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101309)  \n[2352-250X/](2352-250X/)© [2022 Elsevier Ltd](2022 Elsevier Ltd). All rights reserved.  \nIntroduction  \nSocial interaction is a basic human need [1,2] . Adolescents (10e24 years [3]) have a particularly high need for social interaction with peers [4] . Technological advancesin the past decade or so have radically changed the amount and types of social interaction young people experience. 83% of young people aged 12e15 years in  \nthe UK own a smartphone and, between 2015 and 2019, approximately 70% had a social media profile [5] . As social interactions are increasingly moving into the virtual domain, it is important to understand whether and how technology is enabling young people to fulfill their social needs.  \n‘Self-disclosure,’ in which an individual reveals personal information to another [6,7], is an important building block for relationships [8] . Self-disclosure is thought to help form and maintain social relationships as it builds a bond of trust between individuals [9] . An early metaanalysis suggested that people who self-disclose tend to be more liked, and that people like those to whom they self-disclose [10] . In addition, it has been proposed that self-disclosure is inherently rewarding in that people are willing to forgo money in order to disclose information about themselves [11, 12] .  \nModern advances in technology have changed the way in which people communicate. Some studies suggest that the ability to engage in selective self-presentation might increase self-disclosure [13]. Others propose the lack of nonverbal cues in computer-mediated communication may lead to decreased self-disclosure [14]. Similarly, while online self-disclosure can help to build trust within a relationship [15, 16], it has been proposed that self-disclosure conducted via computer-mediated communication is less fulfilling than face-to-face self-disclosure [17].  \nHere, we conducted a systematic review to investigate two research questions: Q1: How is self-disclosure important f","cbCaic8yDBmkCOTG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic8yDBmkCOTG","pdf",537973,4,1,13,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods","[{\"question\":\"自我披露（self-disclosure）在青少年关系中为何重要？\",\"answer\":\"自我披露被认为是关系构建的重要组成部分，能帮助建立个体间的信任，并促进形成与维持社会关系，从而满足青少年的社会需求。\"},{\"question\":\"系统综述如何比较线上与线下自我披露的效果？\",\"answer\":\"综述聚焦两类研究问题：自我披露如何帮助青少年建立关系，以及这种作用在线上沟通与线下沟通中是否存在差异。\"},{\"question\":\"主要结论有哪些关于线上与线下自我披露的差别？\",\"answer\":\"总体上，自我披露与更高的关系质量和更好的福祉相关；但线上自我披露在关系质量上通常不如面对面自我披露更具满足感与益处。不过，部分人群（如高度焦虑的青少年、12–13岁的男孩）可能更偏好先线上自我披露再进行线下互动。\"}]",1783458660,33,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"revealing-the-self-in-a-digital-world-a-systematic-review-of-adolescent-online-and-offline-self-disclosure","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/revealing-the-self-in-a-digital-world-a-systematic-review-of-adolescent-online-and-offline-self-disclosure/45364/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-20","2026-07-07",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"自我披露（self-disclosure）在青少年关系中为何重要？","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"自我披露被认为是关系构建的重要组成部分，能帮助建立个体间的信任，并促进形成与维持社会关系，从而满足青少年的社会需求。","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"系统综述如何比较线上与线下自我披露的效果？",{"text":80,"@type":76},"综述聚焦两类研究问题：自我披露如何帮助青少年建立关系，以及这种作用在线上沟通与线下沟通中是否存在差异。",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"主要结论有哪些关于线上与线下自我披露的差别？",{"text":84,"@type":76},"总体上，自我披露与更高的关系质量和更好的福祉相关；但线上自我披露在关系质量上通常不如面对面自我披露更具满足感与益处。不过，部分人群（如高度焦虑的青少年、12–13岁的男孩）可能更偏好先线上自我披露再进行线下互动。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]