[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-492143-105":59,"doc-detail-492143-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","retrospective-posthumanism-frankenstein-according-to-our-vocabulary","Retrospective Posthumanism: Frankenstein According to Our Vocabulary","","The article revisits Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein through shifting critical vocabulary, especially the rise of posthumanism and the emergence of the term “posthuman” in earlier literature. It argues that this retrospective reading must remain tied to the novel’s Gothic foundations, since the book pioneers narratives of creating an abject being or even a posthuman species. It also contends that contemporary academic approaches have muted the monster’s intended affect: intense fear and terror, and the ethical problem of being denied rights.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/retrospective-posthumanism-frankenstein-according-to-our-vocabulary/492143/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/retrospective-posthumanism-frankenstein-according-to-our-vocabulary/492143.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"supergirl","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the article connect Frankenstein to the emergence of posthumanism?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It places the novel in the context of “posthumanism” as a later critical current and notes that the idea of “posthuman” appeared earlier in other writing. The article then calls for a retrospective re-reading of Frankenstein without losing its Gothic roots.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What argument does the article make about Mary Shelley’s intention for the monster?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It argues that the retrospective posthuman reading should not obscure Shelley’s intention to depict the monster as abject and designed to provoke intense fear and terror.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why does the article emphasize Frankenstein’s Gothic origins?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It maintains that Frankenstein must be reread in relation to its Gothic horror, as pioneering fiction about creation, while contemporary treatment may have overlooked the specific affect Shelley sought to produce.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},492143,1791222363,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962088121634,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Retrospective Posthumanism: Frankenstein  \nAccording to Our Vocabulary  \nSara Martín © Sara Martín, 2021  \nUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona  \nAbstract: Mary Shelley conceived Frankenstein as a Gothic horror story. However, Brian Aldiss claimed in 1973 that her novel is the true originator of science fiction—a 1920s label of which she could not be aware. Also in the 1970s,‘posthumanism’ emerged as the critical current that might replace humanism. The word‘posthuman’, though, had first appeared in a 1936 novella by H.P. Lovecraft. Because of this changing vocabulary Frankenstein must be re-read retrospectively (though not unproblematically) without neglecting its Gothic origins, as pioneering fiction about the creation of a posthuman individual, even of a whole posthuman species. In this article I argue that, nonetheless, the new posthuman re-reading should not obscure Mary Shelley’s intention to characterize her monster as an abject creature intended to produce intense fear and terror in her readers. This is an affect that has been lost in the contemporary academic treatment of the creature as a being dispossessed of his rights as a living individual.  \nKeywords: Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, Gothic, science fiction, posthumanism  \n1. Frankenstein as a Gothic text: Horror and technophobia  \nIn her Introduction to the second edition of Frankenstein (original publication 1818)—published in 1831 by Colburn & Bentley within their Standard Novels collection—Mary Shelley (1797-1851) narrated the genesis of her novel, thus establishing the enduring Romantic myth of its creation. During the cold, rainy summer of 1816,1 nineteen-year-old Mary,  \n1 The Summer of 1816 was abnormally cold all over the Western hemisphere because of the eruption in April 1815 of Mount Tambora, a volcano in northern Sumbawa, one  \nher husband Percy, and Claire Clairmont (the daughter of Mary’s step-mother), were frequent visitors at Villa Diodati on the shores of Lake Geneva, where Lord Byron was staying at the time with his personal physician, John Polidori. The Shelleys were in Switzerland at the request of Claire, who was then pregnant by Byron; she would give birth to their daughter Allegra in early 1817. Beyond sex, however, Byron did not care for  \nof the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. The events at Villa Diodati have inspired films as different as Gothic (1986), Rowing with the Wind (1987) or Haunted Summer (1988), and even the Doctor Who episode The Haunting of Villa Diodati (2020) .  \nREVISTA HÉLICE: Volumen 7, n.º 1 11 􀁸 PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2021  \nREFLEXIONES  \n􀁸 􀁸 􀁸 􀁸 􀁸 􀁸 􀁸 􀁸 􀁸 􀁸 􀁸  \nRetrospective Posthumanism: Frankenstein According to Our New Vocabulary  \nClaire; he clearly preferred Percy Shelley’s intellectual company. According to Mary, the two men’s conversations on scientific topics—which she claims to have witnessed without ever participating in them—together with Byron’s proposal that the four of them (excluding Claire) wrote each a ghost story in imitation of the German horror tales2 they were reading to pass the time, were major sources of inspiration for her novel.  \nMary mentions in her Introduction that she had been writing since childhood but she still had a reluctance to believe herself endowed with the talent that Percy attributed to her, as the daughter of intellectual authors William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft. She took, nonetheless, Byron’s challenge seriously, making a constant effort to come up with a story that would be up to the expected standard: “One which would speak to the mysterious fears of our nature, and awaken thrilling horror—one to make the reader dread to look round, to curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart” (8) . Her difficulties to find a subject, together with Percy’s and Byron’s  \n2 A key volume was Fantasmagoriana (1812), a collection of German ghost stories anonymously translated into French by JeanBaptiste Benoît Eyriès. The main authors featured in it are Johann Karl August Musäus, J","cbCaimiaFNuSyRqV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimiaFNuSyRqV","pdf",323174,"English","# Frankenstein as a Gothic text: Horror and technophobia\n## Genesis of the novel and the Romantic myth\n## Vocabulary shifts: posthumanism and Gothic origins\n## Mary Shelley’s aims to produce fear\n## The “waking dream” and creation of the monster","[{\"question\":\"How does the article connect Frankenstein to the emergence of posthumanism?\",\"answer\":\"It places the novel in the context of “posthumanism” as a later critical current and notes that the idea of “posthuman” appeared earlier in other writing. The article then calls for a retrospective re-reading of Frankenstein without losing its Gothic roots.\"},{\"question\":\"What argument does the article make about Mary Shelley’s intention for the monster?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that the retrospective posthuman reading should not obscure Shelley’s intention to depict the monster as abject and designed to provoke intense fear and terror.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the article emphasize Frankenstein’s Gothic origins?\",\"answer\":\"It maintains that Frankenstein must be reread in relation to its Gothic horror, as pioneering fiction about creation, while contemporary treatment may have overlooked the specific affect Shelley sought to produce.\"}]","Retrospective Posthumanism: Frankenstein According to Our Vocabulary | PDF",1790858504,18]