[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331452-105":59,"doc-detail-331452-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","resveratrol-loaded-invasome-gel-a-promising-nanoformulation-for-treatment-of-skin-cancer","Resveratrol‑loaded invasome gel - A promising nanoformulation for treatment of skin cancer","","Skin cancer represents a major global cancer burden, and resveratrol (RSV) is a recognized anticancer agent whose topical use is limited by poor aqueous solubility, first-pass metabolism, and chemical instability. The study developed and optimized RSV-loaded invasomes for topical delivery and evaluated performance in vivo. Optimized formulations achieved small particles (208.7 ± 74 nm), low PDI (0.3 ± 0.03), high entrapment efficiency (77.7 ± 6%), and negative zeta potential (−70.4 ± 10.9 mV) with controlled release over 24 h. Ex vivo rat skin showed maximal deposition (65%), low IC50 (6.34 μg/mL), and enhanced uptake on SCCs versus other preparations, while in vivo results demonstrated reduced tumor volume and no organ toxicity. Molecular analyses indicated BAX/Caspase-3 upregulation and NF-kB/BCL2 downregulation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/resveratrol-loaded-invasome-gel-a-promising-nanoformulation-for-treatment-of-skin-cancer/331452/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/resveratrol-loaded-invasome-gel-a-promising-nanoformulation-for-treatment-of-skin-cancer/331452.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why were RSV-loaded invasomes developed for topical skin cancer treatment?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"RSV has anticancer potential but topical use is limited by poor solubility, first-pass metabolism, and instability. The study aimed to enable effective topical delivery and improve performance in vivo.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What key physicochemical properties did the optimized RSV-loaded invasomes show?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They had small particle size (208.7 ± 74 nm), low PDI (0.3 ± 0.03), high entrapment efficiency (77.7 ± 6%), and negative zeta potential (−70.4 ± 10.9 mV), along with controlled release over 24 hours.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did the RSV-loaded invasomal gel perform in biological evaluations?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It achieved highest ex vivo skin deposition (65%), strongest potency (low IC50 of 6.34 μg/mL), and highest cellular uptake on squamous cancer cells. In vivo, it produced the smallest tumor volume and showed no signs of organ toxicity, with apoptosis-related gene and protein expression changes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331452,1790127543,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Drug Delivery and Translational Research (2024) 14:3354–3370  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-024-01534-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-024-01534-9)  \nResveratrol‑loaded invasome gel: A promising nanoformulation for treatment of skin cancer  \nBassant Samir1 · Amal El‑Kamel1 · Noha Zahran2 · Lamia Heikal1  \nAccepted: 25 January 2024 / Published online: 15 February 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nSkin cancer is a widespread type of cancer representing 30% of all cancer types worldwide. Resveratrol (RSV) is an anticancer drug used for skin cancer treatment. Several limitations of RSV such as poor aqueous solubility, first-pass metabolism, and instability limit their topical use. The study aimed to develop and optimize RSV-loaded invasomes for topical administration as well as assess their efficacy in vivo. The optimized RSV-loaded invasomes showed small particle size (208.7 ± 74 nm), PDI (0.3 ± 0.03), high % entrapment efficiency (77.7 ±6%), and negative zeta potential (−70.4 ± 10.9 mV). They showed an initial burst effect followed by controlled drug release for 24 h. RSV-loaded invasomal gel revealed the highest skin deposition percentage (65%) in ex vivo rat skin, the highest potency (low IC50 of 6.34 μg/mL), and the highest cellular uptake when tested on squamous cancerous cells (SCCs) when compared to other formulations. The antitumor effect of topical RSV-loaded invasomes was also evaluated in vivo in Ehrlich-induced mice models. The results revealed that RSV-loaded invasomal gel exhibited the smallest tumor volume with no signs of organ toxicity indicating its safety in skin cancer treatment. Upregulation of BAX and Caspase-3 gene levels and downregulation of NF-kB and BCL2 protein levels were demonstrated using RT-PCR and ELISA tests, respectively. Interestingly, the present study is the first to develop RSV-loaded invasomal gel for topical skin cancer treatment. According to our results, invasomes are considered promising lipid-based nanosystems for topical RSV delivery having high skin penetration ability and anticancer effect in the treatment of skin carcinoma.  \nKeywords Terpenes · Skin permeation · Cytotoxicity · Cellular uptake · Anticancer activity · Caspase-3  \nIntroduction  \nSkin cancer is one of the challenging malignancies that affect people’s lives, representing 30% of all cancer types all over the world. Melanoma and non-melanoma including its 2 subtypes: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous  \n* Lamia Heikal [lamia.heikal@alexu.edu.eg](lamia.heikal@alexu.edu.eg)  \nBassant Samir  \n[bassantsamir018@gmail.com](bassantsamir018@gmail.com)  \nAmal El-Kamel  \n[amalelkamel@alexu.edu.eg](amalelkamel@alexu.edu.eg)  \nNoha Zahran  \n[noha.zahran@alexmed.edu.eg](noha.zahran@alexmed.edu.eg)  \n1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, P.O. Box 21521, Alexandria, Egypt  \n2 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt  \ncell carcinoma (SCC) are the most significant types of skin cancer (NMSC) [1, 2] .  \nSeveral factors are responsible for the development of skin cancer such as chronic UV exposure, history of skin cancer, or sunburns. UV radiation being the most important cause of skin cancers plays a crucial role in the initiation, promotion, and progression phases ofthe carcinogenesis process [2, 3]. Chronic exposure to UV causes release of inflammatory mediators like TNF-α and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which interact with DNA, and proteins causing cellular damage and angiogenesis in the skin that result in the growth of tumors [3, 4]. Concerning the treatment of skin cancer, the goal of anticancer therapy is to reduce dermatological carcinogenic lesions via induction of apoptosis, suppression of cancer cell growth, and inhibition of angiogenesis [5] . Despite the presence of different treatment therapies to treat skin cancer, the most important challenge facing such therapies is t","cbCaijacMBUBIcac","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijacMBUBIcac","pdf",2016951,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Skin cancer background and treatment goals\n## Advantages and challenges of topical delivery\n## Nanodrug delivery systems and permeation barriers\n## Rationale for invasomes and role of terpenes, ethanol, and phospholipids","[{\"question\":\"Why were RSV-loaded invasomes developed for topical skin cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"RSV has anticancer potential but topical use is limited by poor solubility, first-pass metabolism, and instability. The study aimed to enable effective topical delivery and improve performance in vivo.\"},{\"question\":\"What key physicochemical properties did the optimized RSV-loaded invasomes show?\",\"answer\":\"They had small particle size (208.7 ± 74 nm), low PDI (0.3 ± 0.03), high entrapment efficiency (77.7 ± 6%), and negative zeta potential (−70.4 ± 10.9 mV), along with controlled release over 24 hours.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the RSV-loaded invasomal gel perform in biological evaluations?\",\"answer\":\"It achieved highest ex vivo skin deposition (65%), strongest potency (low IC50 of 6.34 μg/mL), and highest cellular uptake on squamous cancer cells. In vivo, it produced the smallest tumor volume and showed no signs of organ toxicity, with apoptosis-related gene and protein expression changes.\"}]","Resveratrol‑loaded invasome gel - A promising nanoformulation for treatment of skin cancer | PDF",1789993300,43]