[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-456579-105":59,"doc-detail-456579-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","restoring-the-mucin-barrier-advances-in-secretagogue-therapies-for-ocular-surface-disorders","Restoring the mucin barrier - Advances in secretagogue therapies for ocular surface disorders","","Mucins are essential for the ocular surface, supporting epithelial protection, tear film stability, and immune regulation. Mucin deficiency drives multiple ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease, allergic conjunctivitis, and cicatricial conditions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome and ocular graft-versus-host disease. This narrative review summarizes mucin biology, key regulatory signaling pathways, and emerging mucin secretagogue therapies. It highlights clinically used agents such as diquafosol and rebamipide, and discusses biologics, gene therapies, and nutraceutical approaches.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/restoring-the-mucin-barrier-advances-in-secretagogue-therapies-for-ocular-surface-disorders/456579/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/restoring-the-mucin-barrier-advances-in-secretagogue-therapies-for-ocular-surface-disorders/456579.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"LangkahRina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What roles do mucins play in the ocular surface?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Mucins protect the epithelium, stabilize the tear film, and help regulate immune responses. They also support barrier function and hydration.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does mucin deficiency relate to ocular surface disorders?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Mucin deficiency contributes to disorders such as dry eye disease, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, along with other mucin-related conditions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What therapeutic approaches are discussed for restoring mucin function?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review covers mucin secretagogues, including approved drugs like diquafosol and rebamipide, and also discusses emerging options such as biologics, gene therapies, and nutraceutical compounds.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},456579,1790792024,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090893776,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","| Access this article online |\n| --- |\n| Quick Response Code: |\n| |\n| Website:\u003Cbr>[http://journals.lww.com/TJOP](http://journals.lww.com/TJOP) |\n| DOI:\u003Cbr>10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00105 |\n\n1Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 2School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 3Department of Medical Education, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 4Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 5Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang‑Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 6School of Medicine, Tzu‑Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan  \n*Address for correspondence:  \nDr. Yi-Chen Sun, Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Rd. , Xindian District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.  \nE-mail: yichensun.tzuchi@ [gmail.com](gmail.com)  \nSubmission: 28-06-2025  \nAccepted: 19-10-2025  \nPublished: 08-12-2025  \nReview Article ‑ Narrative Review  \nTaiwan J Ophthalmol 2025;15:535‑544  \nRestoring the mucin barrier: Advancesin secretagogue therapies for ocular surface disorders  \nYa‑Ning Chuang1, Hsiu‑Hui Hsieh1, Li‑Hsin Wang2,3, Kai‑Feng Hung4,5, Wei‑Cherng Hsu1,6, Yi‑Chen Sun1,6*  \nAbstract:  \nMucins are essential components of the ocular surface, ensuring epithelial protection, tear film stability, and immune regulation. Mucin deficiency contributes to a spectrum of ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease, allergic conjunctivitis, and cicatricial conditions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome and ocular graft‑versus‑host disease. This review outlines current knowledge of mucin biology, regulatory mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic applications of mucin secretagogues in ocular surface disorders. Signaling cascades involving EGFR activation, MAPK phosphorylation, cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation, and cytokine‑mediated modulation (e.g. , interleukin‑13, tumor necrosis factor‑α) govern mucin transcription and goblet cell function. Clinically approved secretagogues such as diquafosol and rebamipide improve mucin expression and epithelial healing, while biologics, gene therapies, and nutraceutical compounds are actively being explored. Advancing these therapies may enable more targeted and durable restoration of ocular surface integrity across a range of mucin‑deficient diseases. We searched for related research on PubMed using the terms“Mucin” and “Mucin secretagogues,” along with keywords such as “dry eye,”“goblet cell,” and “ocular surface disorder.” Articles related to mucin secretagogues published within the last 10 years were reviewed.  \nKeywords:  \nDry eye, goblet cell, mucin secretagogues, mucin  \nIntroduction  \nMucins are essential for maintaining  \nepithelial barrier function, hydration, and immune defense. [1,2] Their deficiency contributes to diseases such as dry eye disease (DED), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), and ocular cicatricialpemphigoid (OCP) .[3‑5]  \nResearch has elucidated the molecular pathways and regulatory networks that govern mucin secretion, involving both endogenous mediators and exogenous agents. [6] In parallel, the development of in vitro and in vivo models has facilitated  \nThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.  \nFor reprints [contact:](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com)[ WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com)  \nthe investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying mucin deficiency and enabled the screening of candidate mucin secretagogues with therapeutic potential. This review outlines mucin biology, regulatory pathways, and emerging mucin‑based treatmen","cbCaifhlVEuMwbrk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifhlVEuMwbrk","pdf",660497,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods of Search\n# Mucin Biology on the Ocular Surface\n## Types and functions of ocular mucins\n## Membrane-associated mucins\n## Secretory mucins","[{\"question\":\"What roles do mucins play in the ocular surface?\",\"answer\":\"Mucins protect the epithelium, stabilize the tear film, and help regulate immune responses. They also support barrier function and hydration.\"},{\"question\":\"How does mucin deficiency relate to ocular surface disorders?\",\"answer\":\"Mucin deficiency contributes to disorders such as dry eye disease, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, along with other mucin-related conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic approaches are discussed for restoring mucin function?\",\"answer\":\"The review covers mucin secretagogues, including approved drugs like diquafosol and rebamipide, and also discusses emerging options such as biologics, gene therapies, and nutraceutical compounds.\"}]","Restoring the mucin barrier - Advances in secretagogue therapies for ocular surface disorders | PDF",1790746430,25]