[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-31840":3,"doc-seo-31840":27},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"file_id":15,"file_url":16,"file_type":17,"file_size":18,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":19,"is_downloadable":19,"audit_status":19,"page_count":20,"language":21,"language_code":22,"table_of_contents":23,"faqs":24,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":25,"read_time":26},31840,1099514068035,"Ezra","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Responding to Incorrect Decision-Making in Investor-State Dispute Settlement: Policy Options","Criticism of the quality of investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) decision-making has typically emphasized inconsistency across cases, while paying less attention to incorrectness when assessing individual decisions in isolation. This article places incorrect ISDS decision-making within public international law and develops policy responses guided by three key considerations. Incorrectness is treated broadly, including questionable legal analysis that undermines reliability, supporting both avoidance of incorrect outcomes and stronger correctness through accurate identification and precise application of applicable law.","cbCaiphiLttQuUKH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiphiLttQuUKH","pdf",676095,1,36,"English","en","# Introduction\n## Consistency vs. correctness in ISDS\n## Limits of compulsory third-party review\n# Concept of incorrectness and policy direction\n## Broad understanding of incorrectness\n## Pathways to correct ISDS decision-making","[{\"question\":\"How does the article distinguish inconsistency from incorrectness in ISDS decision-making?\",\"answer\":\"It treats inconsistency as comparisons across ISDS decisions on similar matters, while incorrectness focuses on evaluating each decision on its own merits rather than through cross-case comparison.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the article include within the broad notion of incorrect ISDS decision-making?\",\"answer\":\"It includes not only clearly wrong results but also questionable legal analysis that casts doubt on the reliability of ISDS legal conclusions and outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What policy goal does the article link to correct ISDS decision-making?\",\"answer\":\"It connects policy development to avoiding incorrect decision-making and, more expansively, achieving correct decision-making based on correct identification and precise application of applicable law.\"}]",1780261358,91,{"code":4,"msg":28,"data":29},"ok",{"site_id":30,"language":22,"slug":31,"title":13,"keywords":32,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":25},105,"responding-to-incorrect-decision-making-in-investor-state-dispute-settlement-policy-options","",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,52,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,49],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/responding-to-incorrect-decision-making-in-investor-state-dispute-settlement-policy-options/31840/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":39,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-05-31",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"How does the article distinguish inconsistency from incorrectness in ISDS decision-making?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"It treats inconsistency as comparisons across ISDS decisions on similar matters, while incorrectness focuses on evaluating each decision on its own merits rather than through cross-case comparison.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"What does the article include within the broad notion of incorrect ISDS decision-making?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"It includes not only clearly wrong results but also questionable legal analysis that casts doubt on the reliability of ISDS legal conclusions and outcomes.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"What policy goal does the article link to correct ISDS decision-making?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"It connects policy development to avoiding incorrect decision-making and, more expansively, achieving correct decision-making based on correct identification and precise application of applicable law.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":85,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":87,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":30}]