[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-594800-105":59,"doc-detail-594800-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","research-workloads-in-australian-universities-vol-60-no-2-2018","Research workloads in Australian universities - Vol 60 - No 2 - 2018","","Research workloads in Australian universities examines how research workload allocation is distinguished from research performance for academics. The paper argues that “output” reflects research performance, while “input” concerns workload allocation requiring realistic time estimates tied to research activities. Using data from a 2016 online survey of 2,059 respondents, it supports transparent workload planning covering the full range of research tasks. Median-based time estimates are developed for many common research activities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-workloads-in-australian-universities-vol-60-no-2-2018/594800/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/research-workloads-in-australian-universities-vol-60-no-2-2018/594800.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the core distinction the paper makes between research performance and research workload allocation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper distinguishes “output” as research performance and “input” as research workload allocation. It argues these should be treated separately when determining real research costs and academic working conditions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the authors collect evidence for typical research task time?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They analyze data from a 2016 online survey circulated to academics across Australia. Respondents estimated the typical time spent on a wide range of research-related tasks.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the survey findings support regarding workload planning?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The findings show strong support for a transparent and holistic approach to workload planning. This approach acknowledges the full range of activities academics undertake.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594800,1792209388,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","A U S T R A L I A N U N I V E R S I T I E S ’ R E V I E W  \nResearch workloads in Australian universities  \nJohn Kenny & Andrew Edward Fluck University of Tasmania  \nThis article provides insight into the nature of research workload allocation for Australian academics. It explores the distinction between research performance and research workload allocation. Research performance can be judged at an institutional level, a work group level or an individual level. The process by which an institution’s research performance is judged is not necessarily suitable at the level of the individual academic. The research performance of individual academics is based on their ‘research output’, in the form of publications, grants or supervision of research students, but historically, little attention has been paid to the ‘input’ or the time required to achieve these outputs. To determine the real costs of research, and to examine academic working conditions, this paper argues the clear distinction must be made that ‘output’ is about research performance; whereas ‘input’ is about research workload allocation. Therefore, what is needed is a suite of reasonable time allocations which can be associated with research activities, as is the case for teaching related activities. The paper analyses data from an online survey, circulated to academics across Australia in 2016, in which staff estimated the typical time spent on a wide range of research related tasks. The findings from the 2059 respondents show staff strongly support a transparent and holistic approach to workload planning which acknowledges the full range of activities they undertake. Analysis of the times associated with the research tasks led to the development of a table of suggested time estimates, based on the median values, for many common research activities.  \nKeywords: Academic workload; time-based allocation; research tasks; academic workload models  \nIntroduction: The research landscape  \nIn the post-cold war global neoliberal economic agenda, the importance of knowledge for economic competitiveness was predicted to lead to universities becoming less autonomous and increasingly subject to‘performativity’ (Lyotard, 1979) . In practice, in the US (Giroux, 2002) and UK (Furlong, 2013) universities have experienced decreased government funding, increased managerialism and external accountability.The underlying higher educational policies, based on assumptions of‘globalisation, competition and meritocracy’, have had a profound effect on educational institutions (Furlong,2013, p. 32) . Driving efficiency through funding reductions has resulted in increasing casualisation of the academic workforce which has significantly contributed to the loss of power and greater levels of stress reported by many  \nacademics (Anderson, 2006; Bexley, James & Arkoudis, 2011; Langford, 2010; Roberts, 2013; Ryan, 2012; Woelert & Yates, 2014) .  \nIn Australia, similar policies have driven efficiency and productivity measures in universities and required institutions to become more entrepreneurial and responsive to industry needs (Marginson,2006;Marginson & Considine, 2000) . University rankings have assumed increasing importance, due to their ability to enhance reputation and attract lucrative international fee-paying students.The Australian Financial Review estimated the overseas student market was worth $20 billion in 2015, making it the third-largest export after coal and iron ore (Dodd, 2016) .  \nGill (2014) lamented that, through this extended period of neoliberal change, there has been a ‘dearth of research on academic labour’ in the UK (p. 12) with the effects of  \nvol. 60, no. 2, 2018 Research workloads in Australian universities John Kenny & Andrew Edward Fluck 25  \nA U S T R A L I A N U N I V E R S I T I E S ’ R E V I E W  \nthese changes ‘almost entirely undocumented at the level of university workers’ experiences’(Gill, 2014, p. 13). To address this gap in the literature, the authors survey","cbCaivnxboIjbM8M","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivnxboIjbM8M","pdf",236963,13,"English","# Introduction: The research landscape\n# Determining research performance\n# Measuring workload allocation and research tasks\n# Survey method and findings\n# Suggested time estimates for common research activities","[{\"question\":\"What is the core distinction the paper makes between research performance and research workload allocation?\",\"answer\":\"The paper distinguishes “output” as research performance and “input” as research workload allocation. It argues these should be treated separately when determining real research costs and academic working conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the authors collect evidence for typical research task time?\",\"answer\":\"They analyze data from a 2016 online survey circulated to academics across Australia. Respondents estimated the typical time spent on a wide range of research-related tasks.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the survey findings support regarding workload planning?\",\"answer\":\"The findings show strong support for a transparent and holistic approach to workload planning. This approach acknowledges the full range of activities academics undertake.\"}]","Research workloads in Australian universities - Vol 60 - No 2 - 2018 | PDF",1792079874,33]