[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-329462-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-329462-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","research-methodology-a-practical-and-scientific-approach","Research Methodology - A Practical and Scientific Approach","","Research Methodology: A Practical and Scientific Approach provides essential fundamentals and directional guidance for researchers and postgraduates to initiate research, lay foundations, and proceed methodically with steady progress. The content covers the breadth of research methodology and tools, from introductions to research and research design through surveys, problem formulation, and the role of statistics and instrumentation. It also addresses key research practices including plagiarism and intellectual property rights, supported by practical examples, test cases, samples, and web sources.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-methodology-a-practical-and-scientific-approach/329462/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/research-methodology-a-practical-and-scientific-approach/329462.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Eden","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",54,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Who is the book intended for?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The book is designed for researchers and postgraduates, and it also supports research guides and supervisors.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What topics are covered in the book?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It covers research methodology fundamentals, surveys, problem statements, research design, statistics, instrumentation, presenting and publishing findings, plagiarism, and intellectual property rights.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does the book help readers conduct research effectively?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It provides practical examples, tools, and web sources, aiming to help readers understand and apply scientific methods and step-by-step research practices.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},329462,1790264968,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":147,"preview_urls":148},1374391974468,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Research Methodology  \nThis page intentionally left blank  \nResearch Methodology  \nA Practical and Scientiﬁc Approach  \nEdited by Vinayak Bairagi and Mousami V. Munot  \nCRC Press  \nTaylor & Francis Group  \n52 Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017  \n© 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC  \nCRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works  \nPrinted on acid-free paper  \nInternational Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8153-8561-5 (Hardback)  \nThis book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.  \nExcept as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microﬁlming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.  \nFor permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please [access www.copyright.com](access www.copyright.com)[ ](access www.copyright.com)([http://www.copyright.com/](http://www.copyright.com/)) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 . CCC is a not-for-proﬁt organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.  \nTrademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identiﬁcation and explanation without intent to infringe.  \n\n| Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data |\n| --- |\n| Names: Bairagi, Vinayak, editor. | Munot, Mousami V., editor.\u003Cbr>Title: Research methodology : a practical and scientiﬁc approach / editors, Vinayak Bairagi, Mousami V. Munot.\u003Cbr>Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019 . | Includes bibliographical references and index.\u003Cbr>Identiﬁers: LCCN 2018046891| ISBN 9780815385615 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781351013277 (ebook)\u003Cbr>Subjects: LCSH: Research–Methodology.\u003Cbr>Classiﬁcation: LCC Q180.55.M4 R46445 2019 | DDC 001.4/2–dc23\u003Cbr>LC record available at [https://lccn.loc.gov/2018046891](https://lccn.loc.gov/2018046891) |\n\nVisit the Taylor & Francis Web site at  \n[http://www.taylorandfrancis.com](http://www.taylorandfrancis.com)[ ](http://www.taylorandfrancis.com)and the CRC Press Web site at [http://www.crcpress.com](http://www.crcpress.com)  \nDedicated to  \nthe contributing authors and our well wishers  \nThis page intentionally left blank  \nContents  \nPreface ..................................................................... ix  \nContributors ................................................................ xi  \n1. Introduction to Research ................................................. 1  \nGeetanjali V. Kale and J. Jayanth  \n2. Literature Survey and Problem Statement ................................. 25  \nDr. Manoj S. Nagmode  \n3. Research Design........................................................ 69  \nPrachi Joshi  \n4. Basic Instrumentation ................................................... 99  \nPradeep B. Mane and Shobha S. Nikam  \n5. Applied Statistics...................................................... 161  \nVarsha K. Harpale and Vinayak K. Bairagi  \n6. Presenting and Publishing the Research Findin","cbCaipKlRF5HBLNl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipKlRF5HBLNl","pdf",10630254,321,"English","# Preface\n# Contents\n## Introduction to Research\n## Literature Survey and Problem Statement\n## Research Design\n## Basic Instrumentation\n## Applied Statistics\n## Presenting and Publishing the Research Findings\n## Plagiarism\n## Intellectual Property Rights\n## Index","[{\"question\":\"Who is the book intended for?\",\"answer\":\"The book is designed for researchers and postgraduates, and it also supports research guides and supervisors.\"},{\"question\":\"What topics are covered in the book?\",\"answer\":\"It covers research methodology fundamentals, surveys, problem statements, research design, statistics, instrumentation, presenting and publishing findings, plagiarism, and intellectual property rights.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book help readers conduct research effectively?\",\"answer\":\"It provides practical examples, tools, and web sources, aiming to help readers understand and apply scientific methods and step-by-step research practices.\"}]","Research Methodology - A Practical and Scientific Approach | PDF",1789984202,809,33,[149,153,157,161,165,169,173,177,181,185,189,194,199,204,209,214,219,224,229,233,237,242,247,252,257,262,267,272,277,282,286,291,296],{"page_no":22,"url":150,"width":151,"height":152},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/7cf8dcd120be2a3d8e989c183f6e8a21.webp",983,1404,{"page_no":26,"url":154,"width":155,"height":156},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/8bf2220356268aa99c188e4d00cf103e.webp",982,1403,{"page_no":30,"url":158,"width":159,"height":160},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/2ae80bb9705a49328aba3b69166393b4.webp",981,1401,{"page_no":33,"url":162,"width":163,"height":164},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/d0d791cff9402acaaec928bdb38bab27.webp",980,1400,{"page_no":97,"url":166,"width":167,"height":168},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/594adbb6e1885d9867ecb560ab61722c.webp",979,1398,{"page_no":102,"url":170,"width":171,"height":172},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/c51c1f537c82754ea4c76b95c2d0fef5.webp",978,1397,{"page_no":107,"url":174,"width":175,"height":176},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/0ae84b82ded027a154fc14df62c5ac57.webp",977,1395,{"page_no":112,"url":178,"width":179,"height":180},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/57c16d6ff8188bcfc513f4a5bbd827d0.webp",976,1394,{"page_no":116,"url":182,"width":183,"height":184},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/cf327ea45b73b2a9789942695b12d36e.webp",975,1393,{"page_no":124,"url":186,"width":187,"height":188},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/0c3eaf8d0399d713edaf98859785286f.webp",974,1391,{"page_no":190,"url":191,"width":192,"height":193},11,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/75861c099c2d1507b89934a8e07e57eb.webp",973,1390,{"page_no":195,"url":196,"width":197,"height":198},12,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/8be4bcebe28bb4dfad711a593a234e09.webp",972,1388,{"page_no":200,"url":201,"width":202,"height":203},13,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/f1759625d830750fe7c0586696e927fd.webp",971,1387,{"page_no":205,"url":206,"width":207,"height":208},14,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/7a65062c8d853e9fdc3fc356300b635b.webp",970,1385,{"page_no":210,"url":211,"width":212,"height":213},15,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/d0c1a432706e2d38ed8ff6f50715242a.webp",969,1384,{"page_no":215,"url":216,"width":217,"height":218},16,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/b441b4148a8f72c4f7e787ee867b90e0.webp",968,1383,{"page_no":220,"url":221,"width":222,"height":223},17,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/67c7165f08475e9d9e5778ebd3ee8b03.webp",967,1381,{"page_no":225,"url":226,"width":227,"height":228},18,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/237c4e5fb3be3f3063fb497f7e5e48ac.webp",966,1380,{"page_no":128,"url":230,"width":231,"height":232},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/a5830d059849253df1028248666e0e63.webp",965,1378,{"page_no":118,"url":234,"width":235,"height":236},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/53bbc8393d5b3521395974bc97e153bc.webp",964,1377,{"page_no":238,"url":239,"width":240,"height":241},21,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/9173df6555176cd99eab55950ca96db3.webp",963,1375,{"page_no":243,"url":244,"width":245,"height":246},22,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/4ec0decf1d0141daa7d1571edae3357c.webp",962,1374,{"page_no":248,"url":249,"width":250,"height":251},23,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/15b2fac737218677e2015389f79fda76.webp",961,1373,{"page_no":253,"url":254,"width":255,"height":256},24,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/07e63d0fb80c846017eec0ba4c7ad469.webp",960,1371,{"page_no":258,"url":259,"width":260,"height":261},25,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/6da8f0a72d84376bb1191ed01a83717e.webp",959,1370,{"page_no":263,"url":264,"width":265,"height":266},26,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/5e8c4820d01870dd42f2e1149c67195b.webp",958,1368,{"page_no":268,"url":269,"width":270,"height":271},27,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/97c8afae736b0cf0cbfe153ca9b3c2b4.webp",957,1367,{"page_no":273,"url":274,"width":275,"height":276},28,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/20eb2283357334adca0a32b375ed5b3a.webp",956,1365,{"page_no":278,"url":279,"width":280,"height":281},29,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/9c81bfdcf15bc27234912551c4bc81f1.webp",955,1364,{"page_no":113,"url":283,"width":284,"height":285},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/cde40b42cd4e434cc5f02e520932106b.webp",954,1363,{"page_no":287,"url":288,"width":289,"height":290},31,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/9b53ba7593cb036ba83d6f0565568dc1.webp",953,1361,{"page_no":292,"url":293,"width":294,"height":295},32,"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/a54b7627ea1bca1cbd1a15b356942f7f.webp",952,1360,{"page_no":147,"url":297,"width":298,"height":299},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/a8dd312f0886080ee5ad69f3e1c16ea0.webp",951,1358]