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The study implemented an experience to enhance students’ competency levels by integrating complex thinking with Education 4.0 applications, including remote team workflow development, web-based virtual reality, and social robotics. A sequential-quantitative descriptive design used pre/post questionnaires for 105 Mexican students and a teacher rubric for assessment, showing perceived gains but discrepancies between student and teacher evaluations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-competencies-in-university-students-intertwining-complex-thinking-and-education-40/600312/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/research-competencies-in-university-students-intertwining-complex-thinking-and-education-40/600312.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the focus of the research competencies study?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The study focuses on improving university students’ research competencies by linking them with complex thinking and Education 4.0 applications.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How was the experience evaluated and what data were collected?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"The researchers used a sequential-quantitative descriptive approach, applying questionnaires before and after the experience to 105 Mexican university students, and using a rubric for teacher assessment.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What were the results regarding improvement in research skills?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Students perceived improvements in their research skills, but the teacher evaluation showed a difference compared with students’ perceptions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},600312,1792090437,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Contemporary Educational Technology, 2023, 15(4), ep478 ISSN: 1309-517X (Online)  \n\n|  OPEN ACCESS  Research Article\u003Cbr>Research competencies in university students: Intertwining\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>complex thinking and Education 4.0\u003Cbr>Carlos Enrique George-Reyes 1,2*\u003Cbr> 0000-0002-2529-9155\u003Cbr>Edgar Omar López-Caudana 1\u003Cbr> 0000-0002-1216-4219\u003Cbr>Maria Soledad Ramírez-Montoya 1\u003Cbr> 0000-0002-1274-706X\u003Cbr>1 Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, MEXICO\u003Cbr>2 Metropolitan Polytechnic University of Hidalgo, Hidalgo, MEXICO\u003Cbr>* Corresponding author: [cgeorge@tec.mx](cgeorge@tec.mx); [cgeorge@upmh.edu.mx](cgeorge@upmh.edu.mx)\u003Cbr>Citation: George-Reyes, C. E., López-Caudana, E. O., & Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2023) . Research competencies in university students: Intertwining complex thinking and Education 4.0. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(4), ep478 .\u003Cbr>[https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/13767](https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/13767)\u003Cbr>ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Received: 19 Jul 2023\u003Cbr>Accepted: 28 Sep 2023 | Research competencies are skills that university students must develop to create and socialize scientific products during their academic live. In this research, an experience was implemented to improve the students’ competency levels through its imbrication with complex thinking and the use of Education 4.0 applications, such as remote team workflow development apps, webbased virtual reality, and social robotics. The study was sequential-quantitative and descriptive. A questionnaire was applied before and after the experience to know the perception of 105 Mexican university students, later a rubric was implemented for the teacher’s assessment. The results indicate that the students perceived an improvement in their research skills, however, the evaluation showed a difference between the student’s perception and the teacher’s regarding improvement in said skills. The experience can be scaled to other scenarios, where disruptive teaching strategies can support research skills development.\u003Cbr>Keywords: higher education, Education 4.0, research, educational innovation, complex thinking |\n| INTRODUCTION |  |\n\nThe influence of Education 4.0 (E4.0) on society is unquestionable. Today applications such as virtual reality, augmented reality, data analytics, blockchain, and social robotics, among others, are essential to participating in the digital ecologies of teaching and learning (Miranda et al., 2021) . This type of education requires not only digital literacy and the development of critical thinking but also putting into practice skills related to complex thinking (CT) that allow solving real-world industrial problems in the academic world using E4.0 technologies (Noguez et al., 2021) . In the university, one student activity is creating and disseminating knowledge through developing scientific products (Ain et al., 2019) . Developing research skills is essential in preparing graduates to successfully face the demands of scientific and technological progress (ZlatkinTroitschanskaia, 2021) . It is also necessary for them to have a critical, scientific, and systematic attitudes that triggers knowledge acquisition from methodological and theoretical bases of research, to adequately manage information, and to provoke curiosity toward evolution of the disciplines (Lambrechts & Van Petegem, 2016) .  \nIn this sense, the approach to research competencies as an object of study has been recurrent (Emelyanova et al., 2017; Ha & Press, 2019; Hegde & Karunasagar, 2021) . Likewise, instruments have emerged to measure them, such as (Böttcher & Thiel, 2018; Böttcher et al., 2019; Catalano, 2017 Cobos et al., 2016) .  \nFigure 1. Enablers for academic research (Source: Authors)  \nThere is a consensus that these assessment tools are very useful for students’ performance during their university education (Calisto, 2021) .  \nIn higher education, having these competencies is critical because as student","cbCailKRnyNKS2sK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailKRnyNKS2sK","pdf",456379,14,"English","# ARTICLE INFO\n# ABSTRACT\n# INTRODUCTION\n## Research & Complex Thinking Competencies","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the research competencies study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on improving university students’ research competencies by linking them with complex thinking and Education 4.0 applications.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the experience evaluated and what data were collected?\",\"answer\":\"The researchers used a sequential-quantitative descriptive approach, applying questionnaires before and after the experience to 105 Mexican university students, and using a rubric for teacher assessment.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the results regarding improvement in research skills?\",\"answer\":\"Students perceived improvements in their research skills, but the teacher evaluation showed a difference compared with students’ perceptions.\"}]","Research competencies in university students: Intertwining complex thinking and Education 4.0 | PDF",35]