[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-600423-105":59,"doc-detail-600423-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","research-and-design-pilot-study-on-the-concept-of-model-in-dutch-stem-education","Research and Design - Pilot Study on the Concept of “model” in Dutch STEM Education","","This pilot study examines how teachers and young students in a Dutch STEM secondary subject, Research and Design (R&D), reason about the concept of “model” in design-related activities. The Technasium course emphasizes learning through real-life research and design problems with external problem owners. The study finds unexpected shared confusion, with teachers often relying on physical scale models or prototypes, risking inconsistent and incorrect understanding among students. It argues that a shared teacher frame of reference is needed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-and-design-pilot-study-on-the-concept-of-model-in-dutch-stem-education/600423/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/research-and-design-pilot-study-on-the-concept-of-model-in-dutch-stem-education/600423.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the focus of the pilot study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study focuses on how students and teachers reason about the concept of “model” in Research and Design (R&D) activities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the Technasium R&D course structure learning?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Students work in teams on real-life design and research problems provided by companies or organizations, supported by Technasium teachers and project assignments instead of textbooks.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What issue does the study identify regarding the concept of “model”?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A pilot survey unexpectedly shows similar confusion among students and teachers, and teachers may define “model” mainly as physically built scale models or prototypes, which can lead to incomplete or incorrect learning.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600423,1792090663,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Research and Design teachers’, and students’ frame of reference around the concept of 'model’  \nJeanna (Snjezana) de Haan-Topolscak, Technische Universiteit Delft, The Netherlands  \nMerle Ebskamp, Technische Universiteit Delft, The Netherlands Pauline Vos-de Tombe, Technische Universiteit Delft, The Netherlands  \nAbstract  \nThis pilot study investigates the way that young students and teachers of a Dutch Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) secondary school subject Research and Design (R&D) reason about the concept of ‘model’. The core of the Dutch Technasium secondary school course Research and Design curriculum (R&D is in Dutch called Onderzoeken en Ontwerpen O&O) is to involve students in real-life design (or research) problems with a problem owner at a company or organisation. Students explore the nature of the design problem, establish a design brief, explore possible solutions and work out one option into a design, a prototype or a product depending on the level of complexity. Students work and learn in teams coached by Technasium teachers. Some secondary school teachers are qualified to teach at Technasium if they obtain a certificate from the Technasium foundation through a number of short training courses. They are originally teachers in various subjects like mathematics, physics, physical exercise, language and so on. The other part of the teachers has a teaching degree in R&D next to a degree in engineering. Thanks to different backgrounds the teachers offer a variety of angles and know-how in different fields of expertise needed during R&D activities. Such a composition is enriching and STEM supporting at the level of knowledge transfer. It is clear that some R&D teachers have no design pre-knowledge. A pilot survey of R&D students and teachers on the concept of ‘model’within design activities unexpectedly showed similar doses of confusion about the concept of ‘model’among students and teachers. Therefore, when asked to teach a concept of ‘model’ in design related activities teachers provided a different definition of concept. Often a physically built scale ‘model’ or prototype is the form of ‘model’ they recognize in designing. The danger of such an approach is that the students obtain different, incomplete, or incorrect knowledge about the concept of ‘model’ in relation to design. Therefore, the set of values and norms within the group of Technasium teachers is needed, to establish a design related frame of reference.  \nKeywords  \nSTEM, Stichting Technasium (ST), Research and Design (R&D), Concept,‘model’, Pedagogy of Design, Project based learning, Design Based Learning (DBL) .  \nDutch innovative STEM project-based course  \nA core goal of the ‘Technasium’ curriculum and of the course Research and Design (R&D), which in Dutch is called O&O (Onderzoek & Ontwerpen, 2022), is to have students involved in real- life problems set by interdisciplinary companies or organisation while learning about different technical professions. This unique approach, initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Education,  \nCulture and Science and set up in 2004 by two inventive teachers (Schalk & Bruning, 2014), connects companies and institutions of all sizes with secondary schools and supports the learning of engineering through research and design. As a primary goal of the subject, students get acquainted with different professions and issues in engineering at an early age. This helps them to make an informed decision when choosing their future studies (Van der Veen & BlumeBos, 2015) . The final assignment, the Master's test called in Dutch ‘Meesterproef’ was named after a piece of work made by a craftsman with the aim of becoming a member of a guild (ANWr.d. ) The Master’s test also involves Polytechnic or University experts as a support during the project (Onderzoek & Ontwerpen, 2022) . The professional companies that own problems are not necessarily involved in engineering but do need engineering support. The company or ","cbCaifUslCS0FnH9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifUslCS0FnH9","pdf",364047,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Background: Technasium and R&D (O&O)\n# Learning approach: real-life projects and team coaching\n# Teacher backgrounds and pedagogical implications\n# Problem: differing definitions of “model”\n# Risks: incomplete or incorrect model understanding\n# Rationale for a shared frame of reference","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the pilot study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on how students and teachers reason about the concept of “model” in Research and Design (R\\u0026D) activities.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Technasium R\\u0026D course structure learning?\",\"answer\":\"Students work in teams on real-life design and research problems provided by companies or organizations, supported by Technasium teachers and project assignments instead of textbooks.\"},{\"question\":\"What issue does the study identify regarding the concept of “model”?\",\"answer\":\"A pilot survey unexpectedly shows similar confusion among students and teachers, and teachers may define “model” mainly as physically built scale models or prototypes, which can lead to incomplete or incorrect learning.\"}]","Research and Design - Pilot Study on the Concept of “model” in Dutch STEM Education | PDF",38]