[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40759-en":3,"doc-seo-40759-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40759,2336464648746,"Skyler","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",2,"Literature","Rescuing Reason: A Critique of Anti-Rationalist Views of Science and Knowledge","Rescuing Reason offers a philosophical critique of anti-rationalist approaches to science and knowledge, organizing the argument across epistemology, the norms governing reasoning, and competing accounts of how knowledge is justified. The book examines the critical tradition and its challenges, analyzes classic problems about knowledge, and develops a naturalistic perspective on norms and methods. It then evaluates sociological explanations of scientific belief through multiple “connections” (German, Edinburgh, Wittgenstein) and culminates in an extended engagement with Foucault’s archaeology and genealogy.","Rescuing Reason  \nBOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE  \nEditors  \nROBERT S.COHEN,Boston University  \nJÜRGEN RENN,Max-Planck-Institute for the History of ScienceKOSTAS GAVROGLU,University ofAthens  \nEditorial Advisory Board  \nTHOMAS F.GLICK,Boston UniversityADOLF GRÜNBAUM,University of PittsburghSYLVAN S.SCHWEBER,Brandeis UniversityJOHN J.STACHEL,Boston UniversityMARXW.WARTOFSKY+,(Editor 1960-1997)  \nVOLUME 230  \nRESCUING REASON  \nA Critique of Anti-Rationalist Viewsof Science and Knowledge  \nbyROBERT NOLA  \nThe University of Auckland,New Zealand  \nA C.IP.Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.  \nISBN 978-1-4020-1043-9 ISBN 978-94-010-0289-9(eBook)  \nDOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0289-9  \nCover of the paperback edition:  \nPainting by Charles F.Goldie and Louis John Steele:The arrival of the Maorisin New Zealand used by permission of the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tamaki.  \nPrinted on acid-free paper  \nAll Rights Reserved  \n◎ 2003 Springer-Science+Business Media DordrechtOriginally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition2003  \nNo part of this work may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmittedin any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingor otherwise,without written permission from the Publisher,with the exceptionof any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being enteredand executed on a computer system,for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.  \nDedication  \nTo the memory of my parents,Jean Beatrice and Bože  \n# TABLE OF CONTENTS\n\nAcknowledgements  \n# INTRODUCTION\n\nPART I:KNOWLEDGE,SCIENCE AND THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL  \nENTERPRISE  \n工  \n# SYNOPSIS OF PART I\n\n15  \n# CHAPTER1:THE CRITICAL TRADITION AND SOME OF19ITS DISCONTENTS\n\n1.1On the Very Idea of a Critical Tradition  \n19  \n1.2Solving the Legitimation Problem  \n29  \n1.3Some Dethroners of the Critical Tradition  \n35  \n1.4  \nKuhn as Dethroner of the Critical Tradition?  \n49  \n1.5The Anarchist Feyerabend as Dethroner of theCritical Tradition?  \n62  \n# CHAPTER 2:THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE\n\n75  \n# Knowledge-Why Bother?The Problem of\n\n2.1  \nPlato's Tether  \n76  \n2.2Agrippa's Problem for Knowledge as JustifiedTrue Belief83  \n2.3Reliabilism and the Definition of Knowledge90  \n2.4Some Social Aspects of Knowledge102  \n# CHAPTER 3:NATURALISM AND NORMS OF REASON117AND METHOD\n\n3.1  \nQuine's Naturalized Epistemology  \n118  \n3.2  \nVarieties of Naturalism  \n124  \n128  \n3.3  \nSome Norms of Science and Epistemology  \nNaturalism and Norms of Reasoning and Method:  \n3.4  \nMapping the Terrain  \n132  \nNaturalism and Normative Anti-Objectivism  \n140  \n3.5  \nFolk Scientific Rationality  \n147  \n3.6  \nReconciling the Normative With the Natural:  \n3.7  \nRamsey-Lewis Definition  \n156  \nThe Supervenience of the Methodologically  \n3.8  \n162  \nNormative on the Non-Normative  \nPART II:THE POVERTY OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGE  \n175  \nSYNOPSIS OF PART Ⅱ  \nCHAPTER 4:SOME GERMAN CONNECTIONS:MARX ANDMANNHEIM179  \n4.1Marx and the Sociology of Science and ScientificKnowledge181  \n4.2Mannheim and the Sociology of Science andScientific Knowledge192  \n4.3Merton and Norms for the Ethos of Science199  \nCHAPTER 5:THE EDINBURGH CONNECTION I:THE STRONG PROGRAMME AND THESOCIAL CAUSES OF SCIENTIFIC BELIEF205  \n5.1Interpreting the Strong Programme205  \n5.2Social and Non-Social Factors in Belief Causation211  \n5.3The Causality Tenet and a Social Cause Model ofExplanation Within the Strong Programme216  \n5.4The Causality Tenet and the Rational  \nExplanation of Scientific Beliefs by Methodo-logical Principles of Science222  \n5.5Social and Political Interests as Causes of Belief231  \n5.6Case Study I:Acausality and Weimar Physicists236  \n5.7Case Study II:Bloor on the Social Causes ofBoyle's Beliefs about Matter242  \n5.8Sociological Laws and the Causality Tenet249  \n5.9Causality,Causal Dependence,Explanation and aReformulation of the Causality Tenet252  \n5.10An Unnatur","cbCaitV43duO4P67","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitV43duO4P67","pdf",10908860,4,1,569,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Part I: Knowledge, Science and the Epistemological Enterprise\n## Chapter 1: The Critical Tradition and Some of Its Discontents\n## Chapter 2: The Problem of Knowledge\n## Chapter 3: Naturalism and Norms of Reasoning and Method\n## Part II: The Poverty of the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge\n## Chapter 4: Some German Connections: Marx and Mannheim\n## Chapter 5: The Edinburgh Connection I: The Strong Programme\n## Chapter 6: The Edinburgh Connection II: Strong and Wrong\n## Chapter 7: The Wittgenstein Connection: The Social and the Rational\n## Part III: The French Connection: Foucault\n## Chapter 8: An Archaeological Dig Through Foucault's Texts\n## Chapter 9: Genealogy, Power and Knowledge","[{\"question\":\"What is the main target of the critique in Rescuing Reason?\",\"answer\":\"The book critiques anti-rationalist views of science and knowledge, arguing against approaches that undermine rational justification and norms of reasoning.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book structure its argument across Parts I–III?\",\"answer\":\"Part I focuses on knowledge, science, and epistemological norms; Part II evaluates sociological explanations of scientific knowledge; Part III engages with Foucault’s archaeology and genealogy.\"},{\"question\":\"What issues in the problem of knowledge are discussed?\",\"answer\":\"The text addresses foundational questions such as Plato’s tether, Agrippa’s problem for justified true belief, and debates around reliabilism, including social aspects of knowledge.\"}]",1783314877,876,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"rescuing-reason-a-critique-of-anti-rationalist-views-of-science-and-knowledge","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/rescuing-reason-a-critique-of-anti-rationalist-views-of-science-and-knowledge/40759/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-11","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What 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