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Although survival has improved, existing therapies are still hindered by resistance and adverse effects. Drug repurposing offers a cost-effective alternative. A scoping review searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science for “penfluridol” AND “cancer”, yielding 23 in vivo and/or in vitro studies. Results indicate penfluridol’s anticancer potential, suppressing proliferation, metastasis, and invasion while triggering apoptosis and autophagy across diverse cancer cell lines, though further work on derivatives with strong activity and reduced neurological effects is needed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/repurposing-the-antipsychotic-drug-penfluridol-for-cancer-treatment-review/334036/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/repurposing-the-antipsychotic-drug-penfluridol-for-cancer-treatment-review/334036.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Skyler","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the purpose of the scoping review on penfluridol?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To determine the anticancer properties of penfluridol by synthesizing evidence from in vivo and/or in vitro studies.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which databases and search terms were used in the literature search?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science using the string “penfluridol” AND “cancer”.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What anticancer effects did penfluridol show across cancer models?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It significantly inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, while inducing apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and across multiple cancer cell line types.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},334036,1790611187,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},2336464648746,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","ONCOLOGY REPORTS 52: 174, 2024  \nRepurposing the antipsychotic drug penfluridol for cancer treatment (Review)  \nASMA ALI IBRAHIM MZE 1,2 and AMIRAH ABDUL RAHMAN 1,2  \n1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia; 2Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia  \nReceived August 12, 2024; Accepted October 10, 2024  \nDOI: 10. 3892/or.2024.8833  \nAbstract. Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases and the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the improved survival rates of cancer in recent years, the current available treatments often face resistance and side effects. Drug repur‑ posing represents a cost‑effective and efficient alternative to cancer treatment. Recent studies revealed that penfluridol (PF), an antipsychotic drug, is a promising anticancer agent. In the present study, a scoping review was conducted to ascertain the anticancer properties of PF. For this, a literature search was performed using the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases with the search string ‘penfluridol’ AND ‘cancer’. A total of 23 original articles with in vivo and/or in vitro studies on the effect of PF on cancer were included in the scoping review. The outcome of the analysis demonstrated the anticancer potential of PF. PF significantly inhibited cell prolif‑ eration, metastasis and invasion while inducing apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and across a spectrum of cancer cell lines, including breast, lung, pancreatic, glioblastoma, gallbladder, bladder, oesophageal, leukaemia and renal cancers. However, research on PF derivatives with high anticancer activities and reduced neurological side effects may be necessary.  \nContents  \n1. Introduction  \n2. Methodology  \n3. Results  \n4. Discussion  \nCorrespondence to: Dr Amirah Abdul Rahman, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia  \nE‑mail: [amirahar@uitm.edu.my](amirahar@uitm.edu.my)  \nKey words: penfluridol, anticancer, antipsychotic, repurposing drug, cancer, apoptosis, autophagy  \n5. Limitation of PF and future direction  \n6. Conclusion  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer is one of the most prevalent diseases and the leading cause of death worldwide. The global cancer incidence and mortality were estimated at nearly 19 million new cases and 10 million deaths in 2020, with lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer accounting for the majority of the diagnosed cancers worldwide (1,2). Despite the increasing survival rates of cancer patients observed in the past decades due to improved and game‑changing therapies, the global incidence of cancer keeps increasing and is estimated to reach 28 million per year in 2040, leading to a physical, emotional and financial burden to the patients and their families, and a strain on resources of the public health system (2,3) . The cancer burden has been attributed to the inequitable access to cancer prevention, early detection, screening and treatment of the population, particularly in low‑ and middle‑income countries. In addition, an increase in the price of cancer drugs has been recorded in recent years. Cancer is predicted to cost $25.2 trillion to the world economy from 2020 to 2050, bringing severe financial distress to the economy, affected patients and families, and the public health system (4,5) . Furthermore, highly effective treatments, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy and hormonal treatments, which significantly contribute to the overall reduction of cancer mortality, recur‑ rence and spread and increase in survival rate, have limitations in curing cancer, particularly in patients with delayed d","cbCailpReq3rsNLT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailpReq3rsNLT","pdf",1347954,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Methodology\n## Results\n## Discussion\n# Limitation of PF and future direction\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the scoping review on penfluridol?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the anticancer properties of penfluridol by synthesizing evidence from in vivo and/or in vitro studies.\"},{\"question\":\"Which databases and search terms were used in the literature search?\",\"answer\":\"The review searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science using the string “penfluridol” AND “cancer”.\"},{\"question\":\"What anticancer effects did penfluridol show across cancer models?\",\"answer\":\"It significantly inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, while inducing apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and across multiple cancer cell line types.\"}]","Repurposing the antipsychotic drug penfluridol for cancer treatment - Review | PDF",1790005096,38]