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The brief explains that ESSER funds and related grants were allocated partly using Title I shares based on impoverished student counts, rather than the Basic Education Funding (BEF) formula that accounts for higher education costs tied to factors such as poverty. 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Third St , Harrisburg , PA 17101 [www.krc-pbpc.org | 717.255.7181](www.krc-pbpc.org | 717.255.7181)  \nBy Diana Polson and Eugene Henninger-Voss  \nDecember 2020  \nReport Summary: Pennsylvania Distributes Emergency K-12 School Funding Backwards—The Fewest Dollars Go to School Districts With the Greatest Need  \nThis brief looks at how Pennsylvania distributed $174 million to Pennsylvania’s public school districts in K-12 funding from the CARES Act that the federal government left up to states to allocate. The legislature and the Wolf administration agreed to distribute a fixed amount per district plus distribution of the remaining funds based on districts’ numbers of students (average daily membership or ADM) , not taking into account the variables (like poverty) that the BEF formula recognizes , based on research , make some students more expensive to educate.  \nWe find that Pennsylvania got the distribution of these funds backwards in the sense that the districts with the greatest need received the least funding per student. We measure need in the same way the legislature does through the BEF formula.  \nThe CARES Act included an Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief ( ESSER) Fund to help schools during the COVID pandemic. Pennsylvania’s share was $524 million , 90% of which ($472 million) was required to be distributed among public Local Education Agencies ( LEAs) . This ESSER funding was to be distributed in proportion to the amount each LEA receives under Title I of the federal Every Student Succeeds Act ( ESSA) . Title 1 distribution is based on districts’ numbers of impoverished students. Charter schools received about 15% of the Title I money distributed to LEAs (about $70 million) , leaving about $401 million for Pennsylvania’s school districts. Since the federal rules dictate distribution of the $401 million via Title 1 , more of this money went to high-poverty districts.  \nThe second round of CARES Act/ ESSER funding for schools was not required to be distributed via Title 1. The General Assembly directed $150 million of this federal CARES Act funding and $50 million of ESSER funding to the PA Commission on Crime and Delinquency ( PCCD) to support relief to schools via the COVID-19 Disaster Emergency School Health and Safety Grants for 2020-21.  \nOf this funding , $174 million , was allocated Pennsylvania’s 500 public school districts. Each district received abase amount of $120 ,000 for a total of $60 million. On top of this base amount , school districts received $67 per student (based on average daily membership or ADM) in their districts.  \n(Con't)  \nReport Summary: Pennsylvania Distributes Emergency K-12 School Funding Backwards—The Fewest Dollars Go to School Districts With the Greatest Need (con't)  \nOur findings in brief:  \n The poorest quartile of Pennsylvania districts (that together educate one quarter of K-12 students) received $36 million dollars, less than any of the other three groups of districts that educate fewer poor students. Had the state used the BEF formula to distribute this funding these poor districts would have received two-and-a-half times as much money, $90 million.  \n The districts with the highest share of Black students (again, educating one quarter of state K-12 students in all 500 school districts) received $34 million dollars, substantially less than the $55 million dollars received by districts with the lowest concentration of Black students. If the state had used the BEF to distribute the $174 million, the districts with the highest share of Black students would have received over twice as much—$76 million.  \n The districts with the largest share of Hispanic students received $33 million dollars compared to the $82 million they would have received using the BEF formula. Districts with the lowest share of Hispanic students received $56 million.  \nIn light of the nation’s heightened awareness in the year 2020 of inequality , especially racial injustice , these are stu","cbCaindn5NkkVmmR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaindn5NkkVmmR","pdf",455654,"English","# Report Summary\n## Allocation rules and funding amounts\n## Findings in brief: need, Black students, Hispanic students\n## Implications for lawmakers and future allocations","[{\"question\":\"How did Pennsylvania allocate the $174 million emergency K-12 funding?\",\"answer\":\"The report explains that Pennsylvania used a fixed per-district base plus additional dollars per student based on average daily membership (ADM) for one portion, and that other ESSER dollars were distributed through Title I rules tied to impoverished student shares rather than the BEF formula.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the report find about districts with the greatest need?\",\"answer\":\"Districts with the greatest need received the least funding per student. Measured using the BEF formula, high-need quartiles would have received far more if BEF had been used.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the report recommend if additional federal funds are provided?\",\"answer\":\"State lawmakers should avoid repeating the same allocation approach. If discretion exists, Pennsylvania should distribute additional aid in line with the BEF-based method agreed by legislators, using a bipartisan basis.\"}]","Report Summary - Pennsylvania Distributes Emergency K-12 School Funding Backwards - The Fewest Dollars Go to School Districts With the Greatest Need | PDF",1792059243]